Onset Shift of Li Plating on Si/Graphite Anodes with Increasing Si Content

Abstract

Mixing graphite with Si particles in anodes of Li-ion batteries provides increased specific energy. In addition, higher Si contents lead to thinner anode coatings at constant areal capacity. In the present study, we systematically investigated the influence of the Si content on the susceptibility of Li plating on Si/graphite anodes. Si/graphite anodes with Si contents from 0 to 20.8 wt% combined with NMC622 cathodes were manufactured on pilot-scale. After initial characterization in coin half cells and by SEM, pouch full cells with fixed N/P ratios were built. Rate capability at different temperatures, and Post-Mortem analysis were carried out. Results from voltage relaxation, Li stripping, SEM measurements, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) depth profiling, and optical microscopy were validated against each other. A decreasing susceptibility to Li plating with increasing Si content in the anodes could be clearly observed. A critical C-rate was defined, at which Li plating was detected for the first time. It was also found that at 0 °C the critical C-rate increases with increasing Si contents. At 23 °C the SOC at which Li dendrites were first observed on the anode also increased with higher Si content.