Abstract
Indoor Gothic apse provides a complex environment for virtualization using imaging techniques due to its light conditions and architecture. Light entering throw large windows in combination with the apse shape makes difficult to find proper conditions to photo capture for reconstruction purposes. Thus, documentation techniques based on images are usually replaced by scanning techniques inside churches. Nevertheless, the need to use Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for indoor virtualization means a significant increase in the final surveying cost. So, in most cases, scanning techniques are used to generate dense point clouds. However, many Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) internal cameras are not able to provide colour images or cannot reach the image quality that can be obtained using an external camera. Therefore, external quality images are often used to build high resolution textures of these models. This paper aims to solve the problem posted by virtualizing indoor Gothic churches, making that task more affordable using exclusively techniques base on images. It reviews a previous proposed methodology using a DSRL camera with 18-135 lens commonly used for close range photogrammetry and add another one using a HDR 360° camera with four lenses that makes the task easier and faster in comparison with the previous one. Fieldwork and office-work are simplified. The proposed methodology provides photographs in such a good conditions for building point clouds and textured meshes. Furthermore, the same imaging resources can be used to generate more deliverables without extra time consuming in the field, for instance, immersive virtual tours. In order to verify the usefulness of the method, it has been decided to apply it to the apse since it is considered one of the most complex elements of Gothic churches and it could be extended to the whole building.
Highlights
Nowadays, virtualized heritage is used for multiple applications: documentation, monitoring, virtual tours and virtual museums, augmented reality (AR)
Image matching techniques have proved the potential competitive against laser scanning techniques in terms of accuracy since the majority of points have values near the ones claim by main laser scanner brands
When using High Dynamic Range (HDR) 360 accurate pre-calibrated cameras, image matching techniques became competitive in terms of colour quality and time consuming
Summary
Nowadays, virtualized heritage is used for multiple applications: documentation, monitoring, virtual tours and virtual museums, augmented reality (AR). Aforementioned application usually have in common the need of pre-generate a 3D model. Demanded requirements of these models will vary depending on the application, model resolution (Visitini, 2009). 1.1 Laser scanning and photogrammetry data acquisition. Cultural Heritage data acquisition techniques commonly used are laser scanning and photogrammetry. These techniques are often mixed within a project in order to obtain results required or appropriate to the subsequent application of 3D model. Laser scanner cannot provide colour images or image quality is not enough if we pursue a high resolution textured model. External cameras are used to obtain high quality images and build model texture. Laser scanning dependence makes it a high cost technique not available to many professionals
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