Abstract
Using data from a national UK study about experiences of online abuse amongst women who discuss feminist politics, we use debates about Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) and hate crime to consider the continuities and breaks between online and offline victimisation. Online abuse can be considered to be a form of VAWG and a hate crime, although these categories are problematic because they reflect inappropriate distinctions between private and public offences, because ‘hate’ is a clumsy description of the complex emotional context when perpetrators are known to the victims, and because ‘hate crime’ has not reflected the intersectional nature of some offences which target victims’ identities. A victim-centred approach helps deepen our understanding of the experiences of and continuities between on and offline abuse.
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