One-pot synthesis of K-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

Abstract

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a promising low cost, visible light driven conjugated polymer semiconductor photocatalyst, has attracted wide attentions from researchers. However, low light absorption efficiency and inadequate charge separation limit the potential applications of g-C3N4. This paper exhibits K-doped g-C3N4 prepared by a facile thermal polymerization with KBr as the K source. The experiments of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution demonstrate that KBr content strongly affects the activity of the catalyst. XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence (PL) characterization methods are used to study the effects of potassium on the catalyst performance. The results find that K-modified g-C3N4 has a narrower band gap and enhanced light harvesting properties. Moreover, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of the optimized K-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets (10 wt % KBr) reaches 1337.2 μmol g−1h−1, which is about 5.6 times in comparison with that of pure g-C3N4 (239.8 μmol g−1h−1). The doping of the potassium may increase the π-conjugated systems and accelerate the electron transport rate, then improve the photocatalytic properties. Based on the results of the analysis, a possible mechanism is proposed.