Abstract
A new generalized volume-surface integral equation, volume integral equation-combined field integral equation (VIE-CFIE), is proposed to analyze the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from composite objects comprised of both perfect electric conductor (PEC) and inhomogeneous bi-isotropic material. By discretizing the objects using triangular and tetrahedral cells on which the commonly used Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) and Schaubert-Wilton-Glisson (SWG) basis functions are respectively defined, the matrix equation is derived using the method of moments (MoM) and the Galerkin’s testing. Furthermore, the continuity condition (CC) of electric flux is explicitly enforced on the PEC and bi-isotropy interfaces. In this way, the number of volumetric unknowns is reduced based on the same set of meshes, particularly for the thin coated PEC objects. A convenient way to embed the CC into the context of MoM solution is provided in detail. Several numerical results of EM scattering from coated PEC objects are shown to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Highlights
With the rapid development of material science, quantities of researches focus on the bi-isotropic materials since their applications are various, such as in antenna design [1], waveguide mode converters [2], radar absorbers, electromagnetic (EM) stealth [3], [4], and many other microwave and millimeter-wave devices [5], [6]
NUMERICAL RESULTS the bistatic or monostatic radar cross section (RCS) results of several perfect electric conductor (PEC) objects coated with bi-isotropic material are calculated
In the modeling of the EM scattering from the composite objects involving closed PEC surfaces and bi-isotropic materials, the well-conditioned combined field integral equation (CFIE) is used to model the closed PEC surface, which is combined with the volume integral equation (VIE) to form the VIE-CFIE, a second-kind volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) form
Summary
With the rapid development of material science, quantities of researches focus on the bi-isotropic materials since their applications are various, such as in antenna design [1], waveguide mode converters [2], radar absorbers, electromagnetic (EM) stealth [3], [4], and many other microwave and millimeter-wave devices [5], [6]. Compared to the pure SIE-based methods such as the so-called PMCHWT or the Müller formulations, the VSIE is more robust and generalized in modeling composite objects containing thin inhomogeneous materials with corners and edges [17]. This generality owes to the fact that according to the equivalence principle, the VSIE implementation simultaneously retains two generally applicable integral equations: the VIE to model the field superposition in the material regions, and the SIE to enforce the boundary conditions on the PEC surfaces. By comparing (6) with the two curl Maxwell’s equations, JV and MV for bi-isotropic materials are derived by JV MV
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