On the Symbiotic Relationship Between Warnings Research and Forensics

Abstract

We describe a major factor in research in warnings - namely, forensics. During the past three decades, much of the empirical warnings research has been published in human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) literature. A major impetus to that research has been concurrent activity by HF/E professionals participating as expert witnesses in product liability and personal injury cases in which there is a claim of failure to adequately warn about associated hazards. We review how the issues in forensics can identify researchable questions. This effort has prompted important questions to be addressed that have resulted in publications. Two examples are provided: vehicle seat recline and explicitness. The research has contributed to theory and model building of the processing involved. The research prompted by practical forensic issues can contribute to knowledge that is not limited in scope to particular instances, as is sometimes ascribed to applied research; it can also offer confirmatory support for theory or its modification. A practice-driven approach to the initiation of research can benefit not only application and practice but also theory. Results in the warnings research domain can enhance safety and aid decisions in forensic contexts.