Abstract
White dwarfs (WD) are the final configurations of all stars up to initial masses between 5 and 9 M⊙. Two feeder channels for the creation of single WDs can be distinguished: Either evolution through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and the following planetary-nebula (PN) phase, or evolution from the horizontal branch through the hot subdwarf region. Prelimary estimates by Drilling and Schönberner (1985) and Heber (1986) indicate that the creation of WDs via the horizontal–branch channel is rather insignificant (few percent of the total WD birthrate) and can be neglected. Thus the evolution through the AGB determines the internal structure of single WDs, and the study of the PN stage serves to elucidate the inital conditions for the white-dwarf evolution.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
