On the stability of a Caputo fractional order predator-prey framework including Holling type-II functional response along with nonlinear harvesting in predator

Abstract

In this study, we look at a fractional-order two-species predator-prey framework that uses Caputo Sense's fractional derivative to try to understand its dynamics, which include a simplified Holling type II functional response and nonlinear harvesting in the predator. Initially, we establish certain mathematical facts, such as the solutions of fractional order dynamical systems being unique, non-negative, bounded, and existing. The dissipativeness of the FDE system solution is addressed. Our investigation also includes a look at the local stability requirements for every possible equilibrium point. As a bifurcation constraint, the order of derivatives has been considered in our discussion of the existence condition of Hopf bifurcation. Our analysis has been strengthened by the incorporation of fractional Hopf bifurcation, and the dynamics of the proposed model are influenced by selective non-linear harvesting. Furthermore, the investigation focuses on the impact of the predator's pace of harvesting about the complexities of the prey-predator relationship. Through the use of certain setting values, empirical evidence indicates as the non-integer order framework displays stable to unstable, when the non-integer order is increased. The analytical findings are shown by various instances presented in the numerical part.