On the Riemann-Finsler Geometry of Tangent Bundle of Lie Groups with Two-Dimensional Commutator Subgroup

In this paper we consider simply connected Lie groups equipped with left invariant Randers metrics which arise from left invariant Riemannian metrics and left invariant vector fields. Then we study the intersection between automorphism and isometry groups of these spaces. Finally it has shown that for any left invariant vector field, in a special case, the Lie group admits a left invariant Randers metric such that this intersection is a maximal compact subgroup of the group of automorphisms with respect to which the considered vector field is invariant.

In recent years, various generalizations of Einstein manifolds are actively studied, for example, manifolds with the trivial Schouten-Weyl tensor, and Ricci solitons, which were first considered by R. Hamilton. Ricci solitons on homogeneous (pseudo)Rieman-nian spaces and, in particular, on the Lie groups have been studied by many mathematicians. For example, there are no nontrivial homogeneous invariant Ricci solitons on three and four-dimensional Lie groups with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. A similar result was proved for the unimodular Lie groups with a left-invariant Riemannian metric in any dimension. However, this question is still an open problem for nonunimodular Lie groups of dimension more than 4. Another important example of Ricci solitons is the case of algebraic Ricci solitons on Lie groups, first considered by J. Lauret. Later, it was proved that every algebraic Ricci soliton on a Lie group with left-invariant (pseudo)Riemannian metric is a homogeneous Ricci soliton. This paper shows the existence of non-trivial algebraic and homogeneous invariant Ricci solitons on conformally flat Lie groups in the case of nondiagonalizable Ricci operator. Also, a non-diagonalizable Ricci operator on Lie groups with harmonic Weyl tensor is demonstrated.

In the present paper, the flag curvature of invariant Randers metrics on homogeneous spaces and Lie groups is studied. We first give an explicit formula for the flag curvature of invariant Randers metrics arising from invariant Riemannian metrics on homogeneous spaces and, in special case, Lie groups. We then study Randers metrics of constant positive flag curvature and complete underlying Riemannian metric on Lie groups. Finally we give some properties of those Lie groups which admit a left invariant non-Riemannian Randers metric of Berwald type arising from a left invariant Riemannian metric and a left invariant vector field.

For all left-invariant Riemannian metrics on three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups, there exist particular left-invariant orthonormal frames, so-called Milnor frames. In this paper, for any left-invariant Riemannian metrics on any Lie groups, we give a procedure to obtain an analogous of Milnor frames, in the sense that the bracket relations among them can be written with relatively smaller number of parameters. Our procedure is based on the moduli space of left-invariant Riemannian metrics. Some explicit examples of such frames and applications will also be given.

Using vertical and complete lifts, any left invariant Riemannian metric on a Lie group induces a left invariant Riemannian metric on the tangent Lie group. In the present article we study the Riemannian geometry of tangent bundle of two families of Lie groups. The first one is the family of special Lie groups considered by J. Milnor and the second one is the class of Lie groups with one-dimensional commutator groups. The Levi-Civita connection, sectional and Ricci curvatures have been investigated.

Let [Formula: see text] be a Lie group equipped with a left invariant Randers metric of Berward type [Formula: see text], with underlying left invariant Riemannian metric [Formula: see text]. Suppose that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are lifted Randers and Riemannian metrics arising from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the tangent Lie group [Formula: see text] by vertical and complete lifts. In this paper, we study the relations between the flag curvature of the Randers manifold [Formula: see text] and the sectional curvature of the Riemannian manifold [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is of Berwald type. Then we give all simply connected three-dimensional Lie groups such that their tangent bundles admit Randers metrics of Berwarld type and their geodesics vectors.

A Clifford-Wolf translation of a connected Finsler space is an isometry which moves each point the sam distance. A Finsler space $(M, F)$ is called Clifford-Wolf homogeneous if for any two point $x_1, x_2\in M$ there is a Clifford-Wolf translation $\rho$ such that $\rho(x_1)=x_2$. In this paper, we study Clifford-Wolf translations of left invariant Randers metrics on compact Lie groups. The mian result is that a left invariant Randers metric on a connected compact simple Lie group is Clifford-Wolf homogeneous if and only if the indicatrix of the metric is a round sphere with respect to a bi-invariant Riemannian metric. This presents a large number of examples of non-reversible Finsler metrics which are Clifford-Wolf homogeneous.

It is well known that \({\mathbb {C}}H^n\) has the structure of a solvable Lie group with left invariant metric of constant holomorphic sectional curvature. In this paper we give the full classification of all possible left invariant Riemannian metrics on this Lie group. We prove that each of those metrics is of constant negative scalar curvature, only one of them being Einstein (up to isometry and scaling).

In this paper, we consider a Lie group $G$ equipped with two left-invariant Riemannian metrics $g^1$ and $g^2$. Using these two left-invariant Riemannian metrics we define a left-invariant Riemannian metric $\tilde{g}$ on the tangent Lie group $TG$. The Levi-Civita connection, tensor curvature, and sectional curvature of $(TG,\tilde{g})$ in terms of $g^1$ and $g^2$ are given. Also, we give a sufficient condition for $\tilde{g}$ to be bi-invariant. Finally, motivated by the recent work of D. N. Pham, using symplectic forms $\omega _1$ and $\omega _2$ on $G$ we define a symplectic form $\tilde{\omega}$ on $TG$.

Ricci solitons are important generalizations of Einstein metrics on Riemann manifolds. These metrics were first investigated by Hamilton. Ricci solitons are relevant to the solutions of the Ricci flow. Homogeneous Riemannian metric on the homogeneous space G/H satisfying the Ricci soliton is called the homogeneous Ricci soliton. Such metrics have been studied by many mathematicians. The classification of homogeneous Ricci solitons is known in small dimensions only, and it is not exhaustive. It is known that for three-dimensional Lie groups with left-invariant Riemannian metric Ricci soliton equation has no solution in the class of left-invariant vector fields. A similar fact is proved for unimodular Lie groups with left-invariant Riemannian metric of any finite dimension. However, the existence problem for non-trivial invariant Ricci solitons on nonunimodular Lie groups of dimension > 3 remains open. In this paper, we obtain the solution of this problem in dimension 4. The soliton equation by generalized Milnor’s frames reduced to the system of polynomial equations. The absence of nontrivial homogeneous invariant Ricci solitons on fourdimensional Lie groups is proved.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2015)1.2-21

We call a metric m-quasi-Einstein if \({Ric_X^m}\) (a modification of the m-Bakry–Emery Ricci tensor in terms of a suitable vector field X) is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. It is a generalization of Einstein metrics which contain Ricci solitons. In this paper, we focus on left-invariant vector fields and left-invariant Riemannian metrics on quadratic Lie groups. First we prove that any left-invariant vector field X such that the left-invariant Riemannian metric on a quadratic Lie group is m-quasi-Einstein is a Killing vector field. Then we construct infinitely many non-trivial m-quasi-Einstein metrics on solvable quadratic Lie groups G(n) for m finite.

Motivated by collapsing of Riemannian manifolds and inhomogeneous scaling of left invariant Riemannian metrics on a real Lie group $G$ with a sub-group $H$, we introduce a family of interpolation equations on $G$ with a parameter $\epsilon>0$, interpolating hypo-elliptic diffusions on $H$ and translates of exponential maps on $G$ and examine the dynamics as $\epsilon\to 0$. When $H$ is compact, we use the reductive homogeneous structure of Nomizu to extract a converging family of stochastic processes (converging on the time scale $\frac 1 \epsilon$), proving the convergence of the stochastic dynamics on the orbit spaces $G/H$ and their parallel translations, providing also an estimate on the rate of the convergence in the Wasserstein distance. Their limits are not necessarily Brownian motions and are classified algebraically by a Peter Weyl's theorem for real Lie groups and geometrically using a weak notion of the naturally reductive property; the classifications allow to conclude the Markov property of the limit process. This can be considered as `taking the adiabatic limit' of the differential operators ${\mathcal L}^\epsilon=\frac 1 {\epsilon} \sum_k (A_k)^2+ \frac 1{\epsilon} A_0+ Y_0$ where $Y_0, A_k$ are left invariant vector fields and $\{A_k\}$ generate the Lie-algebra of $H$.

Motivated by collapsing of Riemannian manifolds and inhomogeneous scaling of left invariant Riemannian metrics on a real Lie group $G$ with a sub-group $H$, we introduce a family of interpolation equations on $G$ with a parameter $\epsilon>0$, interpolating hypo-elliptic diffusions on $H$ and translates of exponential maps on $G$ and examine the dynamics as $\epsilon\to 0$. When $H$ is compact, we use the reductive homogeneous structure of Nomizu to extract a converging family of stochastic processes (converging on the time scale $1/\epsilon$), proving the convergence of the stochastic dynamics on the orbit spaces $G/H$ and their parallel translations, providing also an estimate on the rate of the convergence in the Wasserstein distance. Their limits are not necessarily Brownian motions and are classified algebraically by a Peter–Weyl’s theorem for real Lie groups and geometrically using a weak notion of the naturally reductive property; the classifications allow to conclude the Markov property of the limit process. This can be considered as “taking the adiabatic limit” of the differential operators $\mathcal{L}^\epsilon=(1/\epsilon) \sum_k (A_k)^2+(1/\epsilon) A_0+Y_0$ where $Y_0, A_k$ are left invariant vector fields and $\{A_k\}$ generate the Lie-algebra of $H$.

For each simply connected three‐dimensional Lie group we determine the automorphism group, classify the left invariant Riemannian metrics up to automorphism, and study the extent to which curvature can be altered by a change of metric. Thereby we obtain the principal Ricci curvatures, the scalar curvature and the sectional curvatures as functions of left invariant metrics on the three‐dimensional Lie groups. Our results improve a bit of Milnor's results of [7] in the three‐dimensional case, and Kowalski and Nikv́cević's results [6, Theorems 3.1 and 4.1] (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

All known examples of homogeneous Einstein metrics of negative Ricci curvature can be realized as left-invariant Riemannian metrics on solvable Lie groups. After defining a notion of maximal symmetry among left-invariant Riemannian metrics on a Lie group, we prove that any left-invariant Einstein metric of negative Ricci curvature on a solvable Lie group is maximally symmetric. This theorem is motivated both by the Alekseevskii Conjecture and by the question of stability of Einstein metrics under the Ricci flow. We also address questions of existence of maximally symmetric left-invariant Riemannian metrics more generally.