Abstract
Public health risks associated with molds include sensitization, allergic symptoms, irritation and/or toxicity. Sensitization to fungal allergens often occurs in patients who are hypersensitive to other groups allergens, including plant pollen. Both plants and molds are characterized by active growth in warm seasons, in temperate latitudes from April to October, which determines the presence of pollen grains of plants and mold spores in the atmospheric air during this period. This determines the needs in monitoring activity aimed to biogenic pollutants evaluation in the air of large cities where many people live compactly. The report presents the monitoring results of Alternaria, Cladosporium and other lower fungi spores in the air of Samara city in 2015 - 2020. It has been established that for the air environment of Samara, lower fungi cannot be considered as the predominant source of allergens. The high concentration of fungal spores is most often caused by fungi of Alternaria genus, which leads to the development of sensitization in 27.7% of children and 14.6% of adults in the region. The results of aeropalinospore monitoring demonstrated the lesser significance of Cladosporium genus fungi as a risk factor, or an allergens source for Samara city (Middle Volga region).
Highlights
Of the more than 100,000 known fungal species, about 400 are listed as potential and/or confirmed sources of allergens whereas the WHO Allergen Database contains 111 fungal allergens from 29 fungal species [1]
The high concentration of fungal spores is most often caused by fungi of Alternaria genus, which leads to the development of sensitization in 27.7% of children and 14.6% of adults in the region
The results of aeropalinospore monitoring demonstrated the lesser significance of Cladosporium genus fungi as a risk factor, or an allergens source for Samara city (Middle Volga region)
Summary
Of the more than 100,000 known fungal species, about 400 are listed as potential and/or confirmed sources of allergens whereas the WHO Allergen Database contains 111 fungal allergens from 29 fungal species [1]. If higher fungi usually develop on a dense substrate and release only mature spores into the air, mold fungi and yeast supply both mycelium fragments and spores into the air, that is why they become the most common components *. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. Fungi of the Alternaria genus play a leading role in the formation of sensitization in the human population [3]. Thousands of fungal spores can be detected in standard air samples, the level of sensitization to lower fungi, mainly found in the various rooms air (for example, Aspergillus, Penicillium) or outdoors (Cladosporium, Alternaria), is below 5% [4]
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