Abstract
Delayed fluorescence (DF) from photosystem II (PSII) of plants can be potentially used as a biosensor for the detection of plant physiological status and environmental changes. It has been analyzed mainly in the time domain. Frequency-domain analysis through Fourier transform allows viewing a signal from another angle, but the usefulness of DF spectra has not been well studied. In this work, experiments were conducted to show the differences and similarities in DF spectra of different plants with short pulse excitation. The DF spectra show low-pass characteristics with first-order attenuation of high frequencies. The results also show that the low-frequency components differ while the high-frequency components are similar. These may imply the potential usefulness of Fourier spectra of DF to analyze photoelectron transport in plants and classify samples.
Highlights
In photosynthesis, a photon can excite an electron of a chlorophyll molecule in photosystem II (PSII) to a higher energy level
The excited electron can be transferred along the electron transport chain of PSII and be used for photochemical reactions
Chemical reactions are usually reversible; the electron can be potentially transferred back. When it is transferred back, it may result in a chlorophyll a molecule (e.g., P680 or PSII antenna chlorophyll molecules) in the excited state
Summary
A photon can excite an electron of a chlorophyll molecule in photosystem II (PSII) to a higher energy level. Chemical reactions are usually reversible; the electron can be potentially transferred back When it is transferred back, it may result in a chlorophyll a molecule (e.g., P680 or PSII antenna chlorophyll molecules) in the excited state. This excited chlorophyll molecule is capable of emitting chlorophyll fluorescence It takes time for the electrons on the electron transport chain of PSII to transfer back to produce chlorophyll fluorescence. This type of chlorophyll a fluorescence is commonly referred to as delayed fluorescence (DF, known as delayed light, delayed luminescence or DL) because it has a much longer lifetime (minutes or even hours) [5]. It is interesting to note that the bifurcating frequency of 0.04 Hz is much lower than that (1 Hz) for the two trees and that (0.3 Hz) for the vegetables
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