On the phonology and origin of the labialized dorsal consonants in Seri

Sound archives are important resources for sociophonetic analysis: first, they contain relatively uncontrolled speech styles, not usually included in the speech databases used in sociophonetic research; second, they allow us to study in a historical perspective some phonetic phenomena that would otherwise be known only for their most recent or contemporary manifestations. Several complex phonetic phenomena such as Romance diphthongization may be better understood by means of sound archives of spontaneous speech. The paper describes the general principles underlying the building of ADICA (Archivio dei dialetti campani), an archive of spoken dialectal texts from the Phlegraean area. The main features of Phlegraean diphthongs are thus discussed with particular attention to their variability, their social distribution, together with their historical development.

The most effective way to understand the historical development of languages, changes in vocabulary, and linguistic structures is through dialect studies. Dialects provide a rich source for tracking regional differences in the phonetic structure of a language and transformations throughout its historical processes. In this context, dialect research holds great importance, particularly in the analysis of phonetic phenomena. These phenomena help trace changes in a language's phonetic structure, helping us understand how it evolved from the past to the present. Turkish, with its extensive geographical spread and historical diversity, provides a wealth of data for dialect research. Kazakh dialects spoken in the southern region of Kazakhstan are an important area of study in this context. The main goal of this study is to thoroughly examine the phonetic phenomena observed in these dialects. For this purpose, a study was conducted in 26 villages including Teke, Karnak, Karaşık, Savran, Kandöz, Şornak, Sultanbek Kojanov, Şiyeli, Kojakent, Özgent, Tügisken, Talap, Tömenarık, Beşarık, Kelintöbe, Köktöbe, Janaarık, Manap, Akjol, Ekpindi, Sunakata, Karatöbe, Maylıtogay, Tasböget, Otrar, Baltaköl. An attempt was made to reveal the differences between these dialects and Standard Kazakh Turkish, especially based on features such as the use of vowels, length, roundness, and width. For example, although there is no rounding phenomenon in Standard Kazakh Turkish, the sounds that follow are also rounded in the regional dialect due to the effect of the rounded vowel in the first syllable: jürüwgö ˂ jurwge “to walk”, ülkön ˂ ülken “big”, üydö ˂ üyde “at home”. This examination aims not only to identify regional differences but also to assess the historical ties and geographic influences on the language. It is expected that the findings could offer a broader perspective on the phonetic structure of the Kazakh language and contribute to future comparative Turkishology studies. It is anticipated that the analysis of phonetic phenomena could lay a foundation for creating dialect atlases and understanding relationships between dialects.

Recent work on markedness has claimed that round vowels and dorsal consonants are never epenthesized. However, Seri seems to present exactly these types of epenthesis. Relevant data are presented and discussed, and it is claimed that these rules are valid counterexamples that need to be taken into consideration more seriously.

The past couple of decades have seen a substantial increase in linguistic research that highlights the non-arbitrariness of language, as manifested in motivated sound–meaning correspondences. Yet one of the challenges of such studies is that there is a relative paucity of data-driven analyses, especially in the case of languages other than English, such as Hungarian, even though the proportion of at least partially motivated words in Hungarian vocabulary is substantial. We address this gap by investigating the relationship between Hungarian phoneme classes and positive/negative sentiment based on 3,023 word forms retrieved from the Hungarian Sentiment Lexicon. Our results indicate that positive polarity word forms tend to contain more vowels, front vowels, continuants, fricatives, palatals, and sibilants. On the other hand, negative sentiment polarity words tend to have more rounded vowels, plosives, and dorsal consonants. While our analysis provides strong evidence for a set of non-arbitrary form–meaning relationships, effect sizes also reveal that such associations tend to be fairly weak tendencies, and therefore sentiment polarity cannot be derived from the relative frequencies of phoneme classes in a deterministic fashion.

This paper focuses on the different types of relative clauses (RCls) in Yaqui, a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in northwestern Mexico, demonstrating, on the basis of the nominalization properties exhibited by these types of construction, that they are in fact better analyzed as noun phrases headed by a nominalized verb. After reviewing the main features used in the literature to define RCls and presenting the major relativization types identified cross-linguistically, the different constructions that exist in Yaqui to relativize subject, object, indirect object, oblique and locative complements, are described. As these constructions show different nominalization properties, the nominal (non-finite) and verbal (finite) characteristics associated with the Yaqui RCls are explored in greater detail in the next section. Based on this survey of finiteness in Yaqui RCls, relativization in Yaqui is then considered as a nominalization process in which a finite verbal clause is adjusted to a noun phrase in order to be used as a modifier of the head noun. The last section provides a discussion about the connection between relativization and nominalization, and the characteristics of two different types of nominalization: lexical and clausal. Finally, the notion of referentialization, the act of referring to an entity, is proposed to refer to the nominalization function and to explain how clausal nominalization can be the basis of relativization in a large number of languages around the world, as is the case in Yaqui. Keywords: Relativization; nominalization; finiteness; referentialization

In present-day standard English, verbs licensing two objects with a theme and a recipient usually allow for variation in word order between (1) I gave my sister a book, and (2) I gave a book to my sister. The former is considered the canonical word order: “[i]f both objects are present, the indirect object normally comes before” (Quirk et al. 1985:726), but with two pronominal objects the prepositional pattern like (2) is “by far the most frequent” variant (Biber et al. 1999:929). Historically, there has long been a third syntactic variant with a non-prepositional indirect object after the direct object: (3) she gave it me. With two pronominal objects this order “seems always to have been the rule” (Visser 1963:I.623), yet the sequence in (3) has gradually become restricted to linguistic contexts with two pronominal objects and to dialect use in certain varieties of British English (Yáñez-Bouza & Denison 2015). Denison (1998:239) observes that examples like (3) are “sufficient for that order to be accounted acceptable standard” in nineteenth-century English, while Poutsma (1914-1929:I.154) claims that in the early twentieth century “the indirect object almost invariably stands first,” and that with pronominal objects it is “not always” the case that the word order in (3) is preferred. The timing of change is crucial. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the publication of numerous grammars laying down rules about correct and incorrect English. Bearing in mind that normative rules have brought about change in the historical development of certain morphological and syntactic features, this paper aims to shed light on whether early grammarians were aware of syntactic variation in the double object construction, whether they were aware of regional variation, and whether they played a role in the suppression of variability concerning the pattern illustrated in (3).

Research Article| October 01, 1960 CORRELATION OF THE CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS OF THE PACIFIC COAST (UNITED STATES AND NORTHWESTERN MEXICO) W. P POPENOE; W. P POPENOE DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIF.; U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.; DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, CALIF. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. W IMLAY; R. W IMLAY DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIF.; U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.; DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, CALIF. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar M. A MURPHY M. A MURPHY DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIF.; U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.; DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, CALIF. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information W. P POPENOE DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIF.; U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.; DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, CALIF. R. W IMLAY DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIF.; U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.; DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, CALIF. M. A MURPHY DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIF.; U. S. GEOL. SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.; DEPT. GEOLOGY, UNIV. CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, CALIF. Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 04 Apr 1960 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1960, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1960) 71 (10): 1491–1540. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)10[1491:COTCFO]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 04 Apr 1960 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation W. P POPENOE, R. W IMLAY, M. A MURPHY; CORRELATION OF THE CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS OF THE PACIFIC COAST (UNITED STATES AND NORTHWESTERN MEXICO). GSA Bulletin 1960;; 71 (10): 1491–1540. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)10[1491:COTCFO]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract This paper includes a discussion of the historical development of stratigraphic classification of Cretaceous rocks on the Pacific Coast of the United States, a summary of the faunal evidence for correlating the Cretaceous rocks with the European stages, and all the stratigraphic and faunal data available for 61 areas along the Pacific Coast in Washington, Oregon, California, and northwest Mexico. Many of these data, particularly for Washington and Oregon, have not been published previously. The chart includes lists of fossils that are most useful stratigraphically and presents correlations with British Columbia, Japan, and the western interior of the United States. Included are maps that show the general distribution of Cretaceous rocks along the Pacific Coast. Such maps for Oregon and Washington show occurrences that are not shown on any other published maps. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

The North American monsoon is an important feature of the atmospheric circulation over the continent, with a research literature that dates back almost 100 years. The authors review the wide range of past and current research dealing with the meteorological and climatological aspects of the North American monsoon, highlighting historical development and major research themes. The domain of the North American monsoon is large, extending over much of the western United States from its region of greatest influence in northwestern Mexico. Regarding the debate over moisture source regions and water vapor advection into southwestern North America, there is general agreement that the bulk of monsoon moisture is advected at low levels from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, while the Gulf of Mexico may contribute some upper-level moisture (although mixing occurs over the Sierra Madre Occidental). Surges of low-level moisture from the Gulf of California are a significant part of intrase...

This paper applies the comparative method to unravel the historical development of the segmental phonology of Paunaka, an Arawakan language of Bolivia. Although the Paunaka vowel system features a single back rounded vowel, it is rather simple to show that it derives from a system with two back rounded qualities *u and *o, but that the former segment shifted to a high central unrounded vowel ɨ. The language has lost *r unconditionally, implying that Paunaka items with r are probable loanwords. Paunaka underewent a spirantization of *ts, thus merging this affricate with the fricative *s. Although Paunaka shares a coronalization of *k > s with Proto-Mojeño, most of the phonological developments that affected Paunaka are either recurrent in the Arawakan language family or only superficially similar to developments in related languages, and thus provide little weight as evidence for subgrouping. An Appendix is also included, with 105 etymologies matching Paunaka lexical and grammatical morphemes with their cognates in Proto-Mojeño, the two extant Mojeño dialects (Ignaciano and Trinitario) and Terena.

My purpose in applying Freudian terminology to Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts is not to subject Lessing to a psychoanalytical interpretation, or if so, then to invert that reading in a manner that implicates Freud in anthropological discourse of Enlightenment. To read Lessing psychoanalytically is to cast suspicion on certain eighteenth-century desires by scrutinizing figures through which those desires are ciphered. The aspiration to rational autonomy, for example, appears less familiar and more crisisladen when expressed by some of Lessing's dramatic characters as wish to choose one's own father and thus, in effect, to father oneself.' To read Freud through Lessing, on other hand, is to discover in latter discursive possibility of reading Enlightenment psychoanalytically. Psychoanalysis often has appearance of renewing Enlightenment's attempt to define legitimate bounds of paternal authority (and authority as such), and Freud's frequent use of verb aufkldren signals moment at which logic behind a paternal censure is recognized: enlightenment in Freud is discovery of a hidden law of which analysis itself is a manifestation (de Certeau 292-97). Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts, too, is concerned with a peculiar complicity between censorship and knowledge. Censorship takes truth and confers upon it forms from which knowledge is deduced. As a process of abstraction whereby truth is distilled from guises that once made it accessible to immature mind, history becomes validation of that original concealment. When Lessing describes concrete perception as only kind of knowledge available to primitive intellect, he places aestheticsthe science of perceptionwithin realm of anthropology. His characterization of ancient Jews as ungeschickt zu abgezognen Gedanken (? 16) conforms almost verbatim to usual definition of pensee sauvage, which Claude Levi-Strauss sought to discredit: the supposed ineptitude of 'primitive people' for abstract thought (The Savage Mind 1). I would like to introduce Levi-Strauss as third term in this constellation, for not only was he, like Freud, indirect object of Lessing's sustained portrayal of early Jews as crude (roh),2 but he also struggled to impugn notion of progressive historical development that represents primitive as deficient Other of civilization.3 The comparison may in fact help clarify L ssing's own ambivalence regarding teleology of rationalism, which he undermines hrough repeated gestures toward primitive. The thrust of Die Erziehung is to establish a rhetorical framework according to which its author can profess archaic belief in metempsychosisthe transmigration of souls. The provocation lies not so much in belief itself as in its relation to memory, for as basis of Socratic view that learning constitutes recollection of what one knew in previous incarnations, metempsychois seems ill at home among progressivist tenets of rationalism. This doctrine answers ancient equivalent of a modern question, i. ., how can development of human race as a whole (phylogeny) be replicated in life of individual (ontogeny)? Even more important here is hypothetical status

To what extent do patterns of invasion in one region generalize to other regions? Answering this question is a key goal of invasion biology because it underlies whether we can make progress via comparative studies or must instead cope with a large set of unique cases. Here we quantify similarities and differences in the historical development of nonnative fish assemblages of two North American desert drainages, one with many nonnative fishes (Gila Basin, principally southwestern USA), and one with few (Yaqui Basin, principally northwestern Mexico). The two river basins are similar in size, physiography, and ecology, but because of differences in the timing of regional development, we hypothesized that richness and geographic spread of nonnative fishes in the Yaqui are time-lagged relative to the Gila, and that a slow, but steady increase of nonnative fish occurrence is underway in the Yaqui, similar to what has already occurred in the Gila. Using the comprehensive SONFISHES database, we found that increases in the regional richness of extant nonnative species over time have been roughly linear in both basins. Meanwhile, previously established species have continued to spread spatially, such that the cumulative number of reach records for nonnative species has increased roughly exponentially in both systems. The current status of nonnatives in the Yaqui is remarkably similar to what was evident from the Gila in the past at a comparable level of sampling effort. For all measures of invasion dynamics we examined, a time lag of ∼ 40–50 years exists between the Gila and Yaqui. The majority of extant nonnative fishes are known piscivores, and many have high levels of parental care, a life history trait that affords considerable advantages over native fishes. These results predict that, absent strong action now, the presently abundant native fish fauna of the Yaqui may become increasingly imperiled over the next several years, with a future similar to the Gila, where most native fishes are either extirpated, threatened, or substantially reduced in range, at least partially due to nonnative fishes. We recommend immediate actions to identify and protect high priority portions of the Yaqui Basin from further nonnative fish invasion before further degradation occurs.