Abstract
The article deals with issues related to the essence of information, its definition and forms of existence. The relationship between message and information is described. Theoretically and practically shows the difference between the concepts of information and knowledge and their mutual transitions into each other. Two forms of existence of information in messages in the form of free and structural information are considered. Equations are given for the amount of structural information in messages and their arrays. The optimal ratio for the amount of structural information in message arrays is found, at which they contain the greatest amount of knowledge. On this basis, the information conservation law is proposed, which is widely used in the problems of the theory and practice of information transformations. Its mathematical formulation is proposed. The questions of the complexity of messages and the trees modeling them are studied. The definition of information is given, taking into account its ideality and limitations in information tasks. The issues of optimal coding of messages and the introduction of redundancy into them are considered.
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