Abstract
The benefit of using microwave (or millimeter-wave) as sintering source is demonstrated on the ZnO varistors and (Pb0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 PTC resistors. For ZnO materials, large nonlinearity (α =43.0) in accompanied with low leakage current density (J1=5.8 × 10−6 A/cm2) has been achieved by millimeter-wave (24 GHz) sintering at 1100°C (with 120°C/min heating rate). Such kind of marvelous varistor characteristics can not be reached for the samples, which were either microwave (2.45 GHz) sintered or conventionally sintered. For (Sr0.4Pb0.6) TiO3 SPT materials, the sintering temperature needed in microwave sintering process is generally ∼150°C lower than and soaking time required is generally 80% shorter than those commonly used in the conventional sintering process. Unique single high-Tc characteristics in p-T curves were obtained for microwave sintered SPT materials. It is attributed to the formation of the “core-shell” microstructure.
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