Abstract
Energy efficiency is a significant challenge for modern wireless networking devices. It is crucial for the Internet of Things devices, is required for battery-supplied user devices such as smartphones, and is advisable for high-performance devices such as wireless VR headsets. This article examines the ability of modern Wi-Fi devices to achieve extremely low power consumption when they rarely send and receive data. Two recently developed mechanisms, namely Target Wake Time (TWT) and Wake-Up Radio (WUR), are studied. The first one allows stations to schedule the frame exchanges in advance, while the second one introduces a low-power radio for control information exchange. Although TWT and WUR differ significantly, they both suffer from the clock drift effect that significantly degrades their performance in the case of rare traffic. The paper describes these mechanisms, focusing on their revolutionary features, and presents mathematical models to evaluate the impact of this effect on TWT and WUR mechanism efficiency in terms of energy and channel time consumption. The paper also proposes and thoroughly examines various approaches to the joint and separate usage of TWT and WUR in Wi-Fi networks.
Highlights
In this paper, we have reviewed several approaches based on Target Wake Time (TWT) and Wake-Up Radio (WUR) to reduce sensor energy consumption in the Wi-Fi network and evaluated their efficiency
We have surveyed the latest version of the IEEE 802.11ba standard amendment and provided its detailed description
We have developed mathematical models of the frame transmission from the sensor to the access point (AP) in the presence of the STAs with saturated traffic
Summary
L OW energy consumption is crucially important for various wireless network technologies, being — to high throughput, low latency, and dense deployment — an important driver for their evolution. The authors of [30] address the second question by studying the data transmission delay, including the WUR frame transmissions, and propose periodically broadcasting wake-up frames to switch all WUR STAs to the awake state at once This approach reduces the number of WUR frame transmissions but increases competition for the channel and, as a result, the sensor’s energy consumption. The collision and successful slot durations for saturated STAs The time for switching PCR from the doze to the awake state The WUR beacon duration The probabilities of successful, collision, and empty slots in absence of sensor transmissions Sensor packet size measured in bytes of their efficiency, and propose a new solution to further decrease the power consumption in case of WUR usage. This time includes successful, but all transmissions caused by the sensor frame delivery and includes the time reserved for sensors’ transmissions
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