Abstract
The special role of rheological phenomena - thixotropy and dilatation - in various natural and technogenic processes is shown. Practical examples of the phenomenon of dilatancy in various dispersed systems are given: ceramic suspensions, highly concentrated binder systems of quartz sand, two-phase foams, cement-polymer suspensions, soils. The manifestation of dilatancy in sandy and clay soils is analyzed, taking into account the forecast of changes in the strength and deformation characteristics of soils under the influence of various influences. Rheological properties of cement suspensions with additives of water-soluble polymers are investigated. The peculiarity of the phenomenon of dilatancy, which consists in the manifestation in inorganic dispersions, as well as in organic ones, is established. It is shown that cement systems with additives of polymers containing carboxylate functional groups exhibit latent dilatant properties at low shear rates. It is established that the thixotropic properties of cement systems are more clearly manifested under the influence of additives of polymers of various compositions. The effectiveness of water-soluble polymers as modifiers of cement systems in the compounds of cement-polymer compositions is shown. Dilatancy is caused by the breakdown of solvate layers of molecules, including surfactants of complex composition, adsorbed on the surface of solid particles. It is established that the breakdown of hydrate shells at a moderate shear rate is possible only in suspensions of materials with relatively low hydrophilicity; more dispersed suspensions exhibit dilatant properties at increased shear rates.
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