On the Intrinsic and Cosmological Signatures in Gamma‐Ray Burst Time Profiles: Time Dilation

Abstract

The time profiles of many gamma-ray bursts consist of distinct pulses, which offers the possibility of characterizing the temporal structure of these bursts using a relatively small set of pulse shape parameters. We have used a pulse decomposition procedure to analyze the time-to-spill (TTS) data for all bursts observed by BATSE up through trigger number 2000, in all energy channels for which TTS data is available. We obtain amplitude, rise and decay timescales, a pulse shape parameter, and the fluences of individual pulses in all of the bursts. We investigate the correlations between brightness measures (amplitude and fluence) and timescale measures (pulse width and separation), which may result from cosmological time dilation of bursts, or from intrinsic properties of burst sources, or from selection effects. The effects of selection biases are evaluated through simulations. The correlations between these parameters among pulses within individual bursts give a measure of the intrinsic effects, while the correlations among bursts could result from both intrinsic and cosmological effects. We find that timescales tend to be shorter in bursts with higher peak fluxes, as expected from cosmological time-dilation effects, but we also find that there are noncosmological effects contributing to this inverse correlation. We find that timescales tend to be longer in bursts with higher total fluences, contrary to what is expected from cosmological effects. We also find that peak fluxes and total fluences of bursts are uncorrelated, indicating that they cannot both be good distance indicators for bursts.