Abstract
In this paper, we review existing systematic treatments for the interpretation of anisotropic diffraction patterns from partially aligned symmetric top molecules. Such patterns arise in the context of time-resolved diffraction experiments. We calculate diffraction patterns for ground-state NaI excited with an ultraviolet laser. The results are interpreted with the help of a qualitative analytic model, and general recommendations on the analysis and interpretation of anisotropic diffraction patterns are given.
Highlights
In time-resolved pump–probe x-ray diffraction on the sub-picosecond timescale, a new phenomenom to appear is diffraction from laser-aligned ensembles
N where θ is the angle between the transition dipole moment and the polarization axis, N is the number of atoms, R denotes the 3N − 3 atomic coordinates in the center of mass (CM) frame, r the internal coordinates without the Euler angles
Nα is the number of α-atoms in the sample, and r2 sin Ω gαSβ(r, Ω, τ ) drdΩ is the species-dependent probability of finding two atoms of type α, β with a bond length r and orientation Ω
Summary
In time-resolved pump–probe x-ray diffraction on the sub-picosecond timescale, a new phenomenom to appear is diffraction from laser-aligned ensembles (either dynamic alignment or residual geometric alignment from the excitation process). Diffraction from such ensembles leads to anisotropic diffraction patterns of a type not treated in standard textbooks. We consider only symmetric tops excited by a linearly polarized laser with the transition dipole moment along the figure axis. N where θ is the angle between the transition dipole moment and the polarization axis, N is the number of atoms, R denotes the 3N − 3 atomic coordinates in the CM frame, r the internal coordinates without the Euler angles
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