Abstract
In this review, several examples of the application of pnictogen (Pn) (group 15) and chalcogen (Ch) bonding (group 16) interactions in organocatalytic processes are gathered, backed up with Molecular Electrostatic Potential surfaces of model systems. Despite the fact that the use of catalysts based on pnictogen and chalcogen bonding interactions is taking its first steps, it should be considered and used by the scientific community as a novel, promising tool in the field of organocatalysis.
Highlights
The attractive interaction (EWG–X···A) between a p-block element (Lewis acid, X) and a σ-hole acceptor (A, Lewis base, anion or π-system) is supported by the sum of different contributions (see Figure 1 for a Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface of a prototypical CF3 Br···NH3 complex). These correspond to electrostatics, charge transfer, orbital mixing, polarization and dispersion forces [52,53]
Fo binding mode between the substrate and the catalyst. For both both catalysts 22 and 23, a bifurcated N···Sb/P PnB was proposed in addition to a stacking catalysts 22 and 23, a bifurcated N···Sb/P PnB was proposed in addition to a stacking interactioninvolving involving π–systems the quinoline and aring phenyl bound interaction the the π–systems of theof quinoline and a phenyl boundring to one of theto one o theatoms, Pn atoms, in the stabilization of the supramolecular
MEP and polarizability summarized in this review show thatwas the submitted to in the presence of telluronium catalyst shown in Interestingly, polarizability of the p-block elements increases when moving from period two to five, the expected bromolactones were obtained
Summary
The attractive interaction (EWG–X···A) between a p-block element (Lewis acid, X) and a σ-hole acceptor (A, Lewis base, anion or π-system) is supported by the sum of different contributions (see Figure 1 for a Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface of a prototypical CF3 Br···NH3 complex). These correspond to electrostatics, charge transfer, orbital mixing, polarization and dispersion forces [52,53].
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