Abstract
Cost-effective energy saving in the building sector is a high priority in Europe; The European Union has set ambitious targets for buildings’ energy performance in order to convert old energy-intensive ones into nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs). This study focuses on the implementation of a collective self-consumption nZEB concept in Mediterranean climate conditions, considering a typical multi-family building (or apartment block) in the urban environment. The aggregated use of PVs, geothermal and energy storage systems allow the self-production and self-consumption of energy, in a way that the independence from fossil fuels and the reliability of the electricity grid are enhanced. The proposed nZEB implementation scheme will be analyzed from techno-economical perspective, presenting detailed calculations regarding the components dimensioning and costs-giving emphasis on life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) indexes—as well as the energy transactions between the building and the electricity grid. The main outcomes of this work are that the proposed nZEB implementation is a sustainable solution for the Mediterranean area, whereas the incorporation of electrical energy storage units—though beneficial for the reliability of the grid—calls for the implementation of positive policies regarding the reduction of their payback period.
Highlights
Buildings in EU countries account for approximately 40% of the total primary energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse emissions [1]
“nearly Zero Energy Building” has been introduced, referring to a building of high energy performance which takes advantage of various types of RES in order to service a significant number of its total annual energy needs [3,4]
The present paper focuses on the implementation of a collective self-consumption nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) concept for multi-family building of B-energy class certification, that uses RES and ESUs [10]; the area of interest in this work is the Mediterranean, due to its excellent
Summary
Buildings in EU countries account for approximately 40% of the total primary energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse emissions [1]. EU climate change objectives for 2020, such as a 20% increase of RES in gross final consumption of energy, 20% reduction of buildings primary energy consumption and 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels are key issues nowadays, whereas new more ambitious targets were set in 2030 climate and energy framework [2]. In this context, the concept of highly efficient buildings has been perceived. It is worth noting that the majority of residential buildings under the net metering scheme
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