Abstract
In this paper we derive a statistical formula for entropy production rate,namely the law of entropy increase in 6N- and 6-dimensional phase spaces. The exp ression is P=kD(Δqθ)2,which means the entropy produc tion rate P eq ual to the product of diffusion coefficient D,the mean square value of the spac e gradient of the percentage departure from equilibrium θ and Boltzmann constan t k. It shows that the macroscopic entropy production in a nonequilibrium system is caused by spatially stochastic and inhomogeneous departure from equilibrium of the number density of micro-states. As its application, we use this formula t o investigate three nonequilibrium physical topics: free expansion of a gas, Bro wnian motion, and the deformation and fracture of solids. The expressions for th eir entropy production,and the first and second time rates are presented. A new physical inference that the change of micro-structure within the system during a n irreversible process is inhomogeneous has been drawn and confirmed. We also ca lculate the entropy production rate in the stationary state, derive a special fo rmula, present the actual expressions of two examples: directed atomic diffusion and molecular motor. All these theoretical results are either in agreement with experiment or reasonable in physics.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
