Abstract
Memory storage for concrete words (nouns) and pictures was assessed in a recognition memory paradigm by using as confusion items corresponding stimuli in the opposite modality; that is, words which are verbal labels of the pictures, and pictures which are visual representations of the words. Results from both a Yes-No and Forced-Choice recognition experiment supported a dual-coding theory of memory storage such as that proposed by Paivio (1971) , in which both verbal and visual codes are stored for both words and pictures. The influence of confusion items which referred to identical concepts was particularly marked for picture memory, and was interpreted as indicating that verbal codes of pictures are more likely to match their corresponding words than visual codes of words are to match their corresponding pictures.
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