On the Effect of Adaptive and Nonadaptive Analysis of Time-Series Sensory Data

Abstract

With the growing popularity of information and communications technologies and information sharing and integration, cities are evolving into large interconnected ecosystems by using smart objects and sensors that enable interaction with the physical world. However, it is often difficult to perform real-time analysis of large amount on heterogeneous data and sensory information that are provided by various resources. This paper describes a framework for real-time semantic annotation and aggregation of data streams to support dynamic integration into the Web using the advanced message queuing protocol. We provide a comprehensive analysis on the effect of adaptive and nonadaptive window size in segmentation of time series using SensorSAX and symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) approaches for data streams with different variation and sampling rate in real-time processing. The framework is evaluated with three parameters, namely window size parameter of the SAX algorithm, sensitivity level, and minimum window size parameters of the SensorSAX algorithm based on the average data aggregation and annotation time, CPU consumption, data size, and data reconstruction rate. Based on a statistical analysis, a detailed comparison between various sensor points is made to investigate the memory and computational cost of the stream-processing framework. Our results suggests that regardless of utilized segmentation approach, due to the fact that each geographically different sensory environment has got a different dynamicity level, it is desirable to find the optimal data aggregation parameters in order to reduce the energy consumption and improve the data aggregation quality.