On the De-Embedding Issue of Millimeter-Wave and Sub-Millimeter-Wave Measurement and Circuit Design

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to address the de-embedding issue of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-mmWave measurements and circuit design by extensively comparing several commonly used methods and by proposing a new full-matrix calculation-based de-embedding methodology. The comparison aims to investigate the impacts of different de-embedding methods on mmWave and sub-mmWave circuit design. A new de-embedding method has been proposed to achieve more accurate results on mmWave and sub-mmWave range. In this method, all possible extrinsic elements are subtracted from the measured device under test data by matrix calculation to eliminate the error from equivalent circuit. The influence of parasitic elements on the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> are investigated. The comparison of the different de-embedding methods for transistors are performed up to 170 GHz, the results showed that the proposed method has good accuracy even at very high-frequency and it is suitable for mmWave and sub-mmWave measurements and circuit design.