On the Cognitive Determinants of Out-Group Dehumanization: Illusory Correlation and the Dehumanization of (Numerical) Group Minorities

Abstract

Humanness is something generally associated with the in-group and denied to out-groups. However, not all out-groups are equally deprived of their humanness. Correlational studies suggest that numerical minorities (from the perceiver's perspective) are more likely to be judged as less than human. In the present research, we interpreted this phenomenon in terms of the cognitive processes involved in illusory correlation and identified and tested the conditions (i.e., humanness as a frequent and shared characteristic, and relative small group size) that would contribute to minority dehumanization. In two studies in which participants learned about members of two new groups differing in size, we found support for this account. The findings of the present research broaden the current knowledge of out-group dehumanization, showing the contribution of cognitive processes in the denial of humanness to minority groups. Implications for the understanding of the determinants of group dehumanization and illusory correlation are discussed.