On the Characterization of Smarandache Curves of Fractional Order in Euclidean 3-Space

p>In the present paper, Smarandache curves for some special curves in the threedimensionalnbsp;Galilean space G3 are investigated. Moreover, spherical indicatrices for the helix as wellnbsp;as circular helix are introduced. Furthermore, some properties for these curves are given. Finally, innbsp;the light of this study, some related examples of these curves are provided./p>

The paper investigates some special Smarandache curves according to Flc-frame in Euclidean 3-space. The Frenet and Flc frame vectors, curvature and torsion of the new constructed curves are expressed by means of the initial curve invariants. For the sake of comparison in view, an example for Smarandache curves according to both Frenet and Flc frame is also presented at the end of paper.

In this study, we investigate Smarandache curves constructed by a space curve with a modified orthogonal frame. Firstly, the relations between the Frenet frame and the modified orthogonal frame are summarized. Later, the Smarandache curves based on the modified orthogonal frame are obtained. Finally, the tangent, normal, binormal vectors and the curvatures of the Smarandache curves are determined. A special curve known as the Gerono lemniscate curve whose curvature is not differentiable, the principal normal and binormal vectors are discontinuous at zero point is considered as an example, and the Smarandache curves of this curve are obtained by the aid of its modified orthogonal frame, and their graphics are given.

In the present work, we introduce Parallel transport frames of Smarandache curves in Euclidean space. In the first section, we give the basic tools of a parallel transport frame of a curve in 4-dimensional Euclidean space. In the second section, we study Smarandache curve of Euclidean space in parallel transport frame, we solve a few theorems, corollaries and examples. Again third section, we define parallel transport frame to the Smarandache curve and obtain some definitions and their apparatus. Further fourth section, we have also explained to Frenet frame of principal normal, binomial and their derivatives in the curvatures of the curve. In the end section, we discussed about the Smarandache curve in the Euclidean space of all apparatus Frenet-Serret in the differential geometry.

In this study, we focus on Smarandache curves which is a special class of curves. These curves have previously been studied by many authors in different spaces. We will re-characterize these curves with the help of an alternative frame different from Frenet frame. Also, we will obtain frame elements, curvature and torsion of these curves.

In this paper, we introduced original definitions of special normal surfaces defined by Smarandache curves according to Frenet frame in Euclidean space. We investigate theorems that give us necessary and sufficient conditions for those normal surfaces to be developable and minimal and give examples with illustrations.

The aim of this study is to examine the relations between Tzitzeica curves and Smarandache curves in Euclidean space. In addition, the necessary and sufficient conditions for Smarandache curves to be Tzitzeica curves in 3-dimensional Euclidean space are investigated and examples are given.

We study the evolution of a regular space curves, spherical images and Smarandache curves. We derive dynamical equation of moving frame along the evolving curve and its curvatures, consequently we get the evolution equation for spherical images and Smarandache curves. Finally we shall display visualization of the evolving curve, spherical images and Smarandache curves.https://doi.org/10.28919/jmcs/3460

This study examines the spinor representations of TN (tangent and normal), NB (normal and binormal), TB (tangent and binormal) and TNB (tangent, normal and binormal)–Smarandache curves in three-dimensional Euclidean space E3. Spinors are complex column vectors and move on Pauli spin matrices. Isotropic vectors in the C3 complex vector space form a two-dimensional surface in the C2 complex space. Additionally, each isotropic vector in C3 space corresponds to two vectors in C2 space, called spinors. Based on this information, our goal is to establish a relationship between curve theory in differential geometry and spinor space by matching a spinor with an isotropic vector and a real vector generated from the vectors of the Frenet–Serret frame of a curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Accordingly, we initially assume two spinors corresponding to the Frenet–Serret frames of the main curve and its (TN, NB, TB and TNB)–Smarandache curves. Then, we utilize the relationships between the Frenet frames of these curves to examine the connections between the two spinors corresponding to these curves. Thus, we give the relationships between spinors corresponding to these Smarandache curves. For this reason, this study creates a bridge between mathematics and physics. This study can also serve as a reference for new studies in geometry and physics as a geometric interpretation of a physical expression.

In the present study, firstly we recall the parametric expressions of planar curves with zero phi-curvature in Euclidean 3-space with density e^ax_1 and with the aid of the Frenet frame of these planar curves, we obtain the Smarandache curves of them. After that, we study on ruled surfaces which is constructed by curves with zero -curvature in Euclidean 3-space with density e^ax_1 and their Smarandache curves by giving the striction curves, distribution parameters, mean curvature and Gaussian curvature of these ruled surfaces. Also, we give some examples for these surfaces by plotting their graphs. We use Mathematica when we are plotting the graphs of examples.

In this paper, we investigate the free damped vibration of a nanobeam resting on viscoelastic foundation. Nanobeam and viscoelastic foundation are modeled using nonlocal elasticity and fractional order viscoelasticity theories. Motion equation is derived using D’Alambert’s principle and involves two retardation times and fractional order derivative parameters regarding to a nanobeam and viscoelastic foundation. The analytical solution is obtained using the Laplace transform method and it is given as a sum of two terms. First term denoting the drift of the system’s equilibrium position is given as an improper integral taken along two sides of the cut of complex plane. Two complex conjugate roots located in the left half-plane of the complex plane determine the second term describing the damped vibration around equilibrium position. Results for complex roots of characteristic equation obtained for a single nanobeam without viscoelastic foundation, where imaginary parts represent damped frequencies, are validated with the results found in the literature for natural frequencies of a single-walled carbon nanotube obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. In order to examine the effects of nonlocal parameter, fractional order parameters and retardation times on the behavior of characteristic equation roots in the complex plane and the time-response of nanobeam, several numerical examples are given.

In this paper, we analyzed the problem of constructing a family of surfaces from a given some special Smarandache curves in Euclidean 3-space. Using the Frenet frame of the curve in Euclidean 3-space, we express the family of surfaces as a linear combination of the components of this frame, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for coefficients to satisfy both the asymptotic and isoparametric requirements. Finally, examples are given to show the family of surfaces with common Smarandache curve.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of curves that we call helical extension curve in Euclidean space. Then we investigate the differential geometric properties of the helical extension curves. The main result of the paper is that the helical extension curve of a helix is a plane curve. Moreover, we give several simple characterizations of helical extension curve of special curves such as spherical curve.

In this research, we present novel generalized derivative founded on the newly constructed (NGCFVODs) novel generalized Caputo Fractional variable order derivatives. Utilizing these operators, a numerical methodology has been formulated to resolve the Fractional Variable Order Differential Equations (FVODEs). We estimate the solution for (FVODEs) by employing bernstein polynomials as foundational vectors. We have further expanded the derivative operational matrix of bernstein Polynomials (bPs) to generalized derivative an operational matrix in sense of (NGCFVODs). The efficiency of developed numerical methodology is tested by a taking a various test examples. We also a compare results of our suggested approach with the methodologies existing in academic papers. In this study the Fractional variable order differential operator of new generalized Caputo was described by three categories: (i) various value in ρ and Fractional variable order a parameter, (ii) various value in a fractional parameters while Fractional variable order and ρ parameter are fixed, and (iii) various value in Fractional variable order parameter controlling fractional and ρ parameter.

ABSTRACTMotivated by the theoretical analysis of the effects of nonlinear viscous damping on vibration isolation using the output frequency response function approach, the output frequency response function approach is employed to investigate the effects of the nonlinear fractional order damping on vibration isolation based on Volterra series in the frequency domain. First, the recursive algorithm which is proposed by Billings et al. is extended to deal with the system with fractional order terms. Then, the analytical relationships are established among the force transmissibility, nonlinear characteristic coefficients and fractional order parameters for the single degree of freedom oscillator. Consequently, the effects of the nonlinear system parameters on the force transmissibility are discussed in detail. The theoretical analysis reveals that the force transmissibility of the oscillator is suppressed due to the existence of the fractional order damping, but presents different effects on suppressing the force transmissibility of the oscillator over the frequency region by varying the fractional order parameters. Moreover, the fractional order parameters, which affect the force transmissibility, the bandwidth of the frequency region and the resonance frequency, can be used as designing parameters for vibration isolation systems. At last, numerical studies are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.