On the Bimodal Distributions of Horizontal Branches

Abstract

New synthetic horizontal branch (HB) models are presented for some globular clusters known to have bimodal HB distributions. These models are based on new Yale HB evolutionary tracks for Y=0.25 and the core masses appropriate for the compositions. The distribution of stellar masses along the HB is given by a slightly modified version of Rood's (1973) function. Figure 1 compares the synthetic and the observed color-magnitude diagrams and the generalized histograms of the distribution of HB stars over (B-V)o (observational data from Alcaino & Liller 1984, Buonanno et al. 1981, Stetson 1981, and Menzies 1974 for clusters M4, M5, N1851, and N6723 respectively). Following Norris (1981), we have used the period-luminosity-color relations to estimate the colors of some RR Lyrae variables. Since none of the parameters in the models has a bimodal distribution, the excellent agreement between the color distributions of the models and the observations suggests that the observed bimodal distributions are a consequence of the evolution from the zero-age HB. Contrary to the suggestion of Norris (1981) and Smith & Norris (1983), there is no need to connect the bimodality of the HB with the observed bimodal CN distributions of the red giants in some of these clusters. The clusters in Figure 1 span a narrow range in metallicity ([Fe/H]=-1.40 to −1.09; Zinn 1985), and we are investigating other, less well observed, clusters in this range (e.g., N2808) to see if their bimodal HB distributions also have simple explanations.