On the Awakening and Struggle of Female Consciousness in "Thunderstorm"

With the continuous progress and development of the times, the awakening of female consciousness and the struggles of women from all social strata have continued to advance. Increasing attention is being directed toward the awakening of women, and a growing number of literary and artistic works have begun to focus on this theme, portraying diverse, multidimensional, and richly nuanced female characters. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of three distinct female characters inThunderstorm, exploring the awakening and resistance of female consciousness reflected in the work against the backdrop of its story and historical context. The differences in age, life experiences, personality, and cognition among these three women determine the varying degrees and forms of their awakening. By examining these three female characters, this study investigates the differences in the awakening of female consciousness across social classes and age groups under the historical conditions of the time. The awakening and resistance of female consciousness inThunderstormare complex manifestations that span multiple perspectives, levels, and social classes, rather than being concentrated in a single individual or event. Through a comprehensive analysis and study of the awakening and resistance of female consciousness inThunderstorm, this paper aims to inspire reflections on the development of contemporary female consciousness and contribute to the exploration of solutions to the challenges faced by modern women.

Female “Lone Wolves”: The Anti‐Social Heroine in Recent Television Series

This research focuses on the study of social aspects of feminism which includes the process of socialization, social tasks and social class. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach and belongs to the type of library research. The data in this study are phrases, clauses, words and paragraphs that contain social aspects of feminism. The results of the data analysis in this study indicate that first in the novel A Pair of Luka that Ends Grief by Ameylia Falensia there is a socialization process that occurs in female characters when interacting with other characters in the novel. The author provides an overview of the socialization process when the female character establishes social relationships with other characters and the impact of the socialization process she goes through on her. The socialization process is found in the Lengkara figure; second, the author describes the social duties of the female character in this novel based on the duties of a woman as a child, wife, mother, housemaid and grandmother. The social task of women is seen from the role of women in their lives. Social tasks are found in the figures of Nina, Afni, Lengkara and Prima; and third, social class is described as a certain position that has a female figure in society. Social class is divided into lower, middle and upper classes. The determination of social class in this novel is divided on the basis of gender, type of work, wealth, level of education and social literature in society. The social class of women in this novel is found in the characters Nilam, Lengkara and Bibi.

Spatial Implications of The Journey To School: A Review And Case Study

In recent years, court themes have been loved by the public, especially female characters. This can not only glimpse the reader's interest orientation, but also glimpse the novelist's creative intentions, what is the reproduction of female image shaping and the female consciousness? Does this reproduction have the support of a realistic basis or condition? For example, the original novel Ruyi’s Royal Love in the Palace is very popular among readers. The novel constructs a feudal autocratic patriarchal society, women of the harem exist as tools for ‘serving the emperor and prospering the children’ and they are in an extremely passive state in a relationship between the sexes. However, with the change of the times, the status of women has gradually improved, and many classic female figures have followed the growth rules from simple to complex, from obscurantism to awakening. For example, Ru Yi always had great expectations of the emperor in the early period, and no matter how hurtful the emperor said, she firmly believed that the emperor loved her. It was not until the later period when various contradictions between Ru Yi and the emperor appeared, such as the emperor listened to imperial astronomer say that Ru Yi killed their son, mistakenly thought that Ru Yi had an affair with his bodyguard Ling Yun Che etc, then she realized that the emperor had changed become suspicious and selfish. At the end of the story, Ruyi chooses to cut a line with the emperor by cutting his hair, and sticks to the good oath he took with the emperor to die. From the above examples, we can see that Ruyi innocently guarded her love with the emperor from the beginning, to the emperor’s various misunderstandings about her later, which prompted her to awaken her sense of autonomy. Therefore, this article mainly uses the online novel Ruyi’s Royal Love in the Palace as an analytical text, hoping to analyze what kind of female characteristics are through the female characters in the novel text, subverting the standards set by people in ancient times for “femininity”, and further explaining how the creation of online novels reproduces the characteristics of modern women.

“Conjoint Communicated Experience”: Art as an Instrument of Democracy

Between 1892 and 1920 nearly thirty Arabic periodicals by, for, and about women were produced in Egypt for circulation throughout the Arab world. This flourishing women's press provided a forum for debating such topics as the rights of woman, marriage and divorce, and veiling and seclusion, and also offered a mechanism for disseminating new ideologies and domestic instruction. In this book, Beth Baron presents the first sustained study of this remarkable material, exploring the connections between literary culture and social transformation. Starting with profiles of the female intellectuals who pioneered the women's press in Egypt - the first generation of Arab women to write and publish extensively - Baron traces the women's literary output from production to consumption. She draws on new approaches in cultural history to examine the making of periodicals and to reconstruct their audience, and she suggests that it is impossible to assess the influence of the Arabic press without comprehending the circumstances under which it operated. Turning to specific issues argued in the pages of the women's press, Baron finds that women's views ranged across a wide spectrum. The debates are set in historical context, with elaborations on the conditions of women's education and work. Together with other sources the journals show significant changes in the activities of urban middle- and upper-class Egyptian women in the decades before the 1919 revolution and underscore the sense that real improvement in women's lives - the women's awakening - was at hand. Baron's discussion of this extraordinary trove of materials highlights the voices of the female intellectuals who championed this awakening andbroadens our understanding of the social and cultural history of the period.

This qualitative research examines female characters in Chinese animated films to explore gender and identity negotiation within the context of China's economic reform. The study focuses on: (1) the social and cultural history of Chinese women and animated films, emphasizing the interplay between women and female characters; (2) gender perspectives in Chinese animated films during economic reform; (3) the negotiation of identity through female representation; and (4) analyzing the "Fox Woman" character as a unit of analysis. The findings reveal that prior to economic reform, gender concepts in China were deeply rooted in traditional feudal ideologies, including male dominance, restrictive family and marriage systems, and unequal access to education. However, reform and opening up introduced foreign cultural influences and evolving audience aesthetics, fostering negotiations among the state, creators, and audiences about identity and gender representation. The government encouraged creators to align female characters with contemporary values, while audiences progressively internalized these gendered transformations, reshaping social and moral values. Key insights include: (1) Female characters in Chinese animated films act as mediators of new social relationships among the state, creators, and audiences, fostering multi-layered social interactions. (2) These characters serve as cultural ambassadors, breaking away from traditional stereotypes to portray independent and complex female identities. (3) Gender representation in animation has evolved, reflecting a shift from male-dominated norms to diverse and modern portrayals of women. (4) Female consciousness in animated characters mirrors broader societal changes, moving from subjugation to empowerment. (5) The intersection of traditional culture with modern aesthetics offers innovative frameworks for female character development. This research highlights the evolving gender culture in contemporary Chinese society and the transformative role of media, offering theoretical and practical insights into gender analysis and identity negotiation.

In literature, a woman acts as a forceful vehicle for the author’s viewpoint. She contributes significantly to a web of familial, social, and cultural traditions, sometimes acting quietly and other times defiantly. A more emancipated and forward-thinking woman has replaced the passive and servile feminine. Women’s ideas change as a result of the emergence of feminist movements and female consciousness. This offers fresh perspectives and creative literary expression. Women have long been prominent characters in literature. One such author who has emerged as one of the most contemplative voices in contemporary English writing is Bapsi Sidhwa. The diasporic literature provides a wealth of knowledge on the thoughts of women. The female protagonists in Bapsi Sidhwa’s works, in particular, experience uncontrollable anxiety and psychic suffering as a result of being involved in a cross-cultural clash. The female lead characters experience the agonising dislocation within the domestic context. We discover that the inner lives of the female characters in Bapsi Sidhwa’s novels are made known. To better understand the female characters’ inner lives, sheprobes their psychology in greater depth. Feminism, one of the main themes in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy-Man, is the subject of the current essay. In Ice-Candy-Man, Sidhwa envisions a society devoid of hierarchy and power dynamics, one that is truly human and founded on the ideals of fairness and equality.

This article analyzes the characters and characterization in the novel "Women at Zero Point" by Nawal El Saadawi using a feminist approach. This novel depicts women's struggle in facing oppression, violence and gender injustice in a patriarchal society. A feminist approach is used to analyze how the female characters in this novel face these problems and struggle to find freedom. This analysis uses a literature review method by referring to the novel "Perempuan di Titik Zero" and relevant feminist literature studies. Focus is given to the main character, Firdaus, as well as other female characters in this novel. The results of the analysis show that the female characters in this novel face oppression and violence carried out by the patriarchal system. Firdaus, as the main character, faces various forms of sexual exploitation, domestic violence, and objectification by the surrounding community. However, this novel also highlights women's solidarity as a source of strength and support in their struggle against gender injustice. A feminist approach helps in seeing how the author criticizes patriarchal norms that limit women. Firdaus and other female characters challenge narrow social expectations and attempt to shape their identities outside these constraints. In conclusion, This analysis confirms that the novel "Women at Point Zero" is a reflection of women's struggle to seek freedom and overcome gender injustice in a patriarchal society. Women's solidarity and criticism of patriarchal norms are important themes in this novel, inviting readers to consider the role and influence of patriarchy in women's lives.

Salmonids form dominance hierarchies in environments, where space or food are limiting. Our first objective was to investigate the physiology of individual rainbow trout in 4-fish hierarchies. Our second was to compare conclusions drawn from grouping physiological data on the basis of social rank with those based on relating individual physiology to individual aggressive behavior. To create a social hierarchy, groups of 4 juvenile trout were fed (1% ration) using a darkened feeding container, twice daily (morning and evening). Each morning feeding was videotaped to record aggressive behavior, thereby facilitating the assignment of a social status rank to each fish. On days 5 and 10-11, physiological parameters were measured in fish fasted for 24h. Social hierarchies formed in all tested groups. One fish would become dominant, whereas the three subordinate individuals would each assume a stable social rank. When classified according to this social rank, the three subordinate individuals all displayed similar physiology, different from the physiology of the dominant fish. The latter included higher ammonia excretion rate, greater protein utilization in aerobic metabolism, greater feeding, higher specific growth rate, greater increase in condition factor, and lower routine oxygen consumption rate. However, when individual aggression was taken into account, a continuous gradient was observed between aggression and physiology for most parameters, regardless of social status. These relationships could be improved by normalizing the aggression score to the overall level of aggression in each hierarchy. We argue that individual behavior should be considered instead of just social rank when studying the physiology of trout in social hierarchies.

Preface. 1.Sociology and Stratification. Theoretical Perspectives on Stratification. Karl Marx. Max Weber. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. Ralf Dahrendorf. Gerhard Lenski. A Strategy for the Study of Stratification. Historical and International Dimensions of Stratification. Levels of Analysis and Stratification. Power and Stratification. 2.Social Class and Stratification: Occupational Prestige and Class Identification. Occupational Prestige. Occupational Prestige in the United States. The Meaning of Occupational Prestige. Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Occupational Prestige. The Stability of Occupational Prestige over Time. The Stability of Occupational Prestige across Societies? Class Identification. Patterns of Class Identification. The Meaning of Class Identification. A Note on Employed Married Women. 3.Social Class and Stratification: Mobility and Status Attainment. Social Mobility. Social Mobility in the United States. Social Mobility in Other Nations. Social Structure and Mobility. The Reproduction of the Class Structure. International Variations in Mobility. Status Attainment. Status Attainment in the United States. Status Attainment in Other Nations. The Individual and Status Attainment. A Vignette. Socialization and Status Attainment. 4.Gender and Stratification. Dimensions of Gender Stratification. Gender Stratification in the United States. Gender Stratification in Other Nations. Some Consequences of Gender Stratification. Authority and Gender. Victimization and Gender. The Individual and Gender Stratification. Women's Choices. Discrimination against Women. Social Structure and Gender Stratification. The Decline of Gender Stratification. The Continuation of Gender Stratification. 5.Race/Ethnicity and Stratification. Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Stratification. Racial and Ethnic Stratification in the United States. Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Other Nations. Some Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequality. The Individual and Racial and Ethnic Stratification. Public Place Discrimination. Discrimination by Organizations. Social Structure and Racial and Ethnic Stratification. Historical Variations in Racial and Ethnic Group Mobility. Racial and Ethnic Stratification Today. 6.Political Participation and Power. Types of Political Participation. Voting. Partisanship. Unruliness. The Rate of Voting. Voting in the United States. Voting in Other Nations. The Role of Money in Elections. The Cost of Winning. Money, Winning, and Reelection. Where Does the Money Come From? Two Examples. Social Structure and Political Participation. The Structure of Voting. The Sources of Partisanship. Money and Anomie. 7.The Rich. The Characteristics of the Rich. Counting the Rich. The Basis of Great Wealth. Top Wealthholders. The Historical Trend in the Distribution of Wealth. The Kuznets Hypothesis. The Colonial Era. The Nineteenth Century. The Twentieth Century. The Trend Since 1980. The Origin and Expansion of Wealth. Power and Wealth Inequality. Social Class and Lifestyle. 8.The Middle Class. Social Class and Job Perquisites. Private Pensions. Medical Insurance. Sick Leave. Disability Insurance. Vacation and Personal Leave Time. Top Level Perquisites. Power and Job Perquisites. Social Class, Income Inequality, and Income Transfers. Social Class and Income. Trends in Income Inequality. Tax Expenditures and Income Inequality. Power and Income Inequality. Social Class and Lifestyle. 9.The Working Class. Social Class and Occupation. Working-Class and Middle-Class Occupations. Social Class and Job Setting. Social Class and Job Security. The Human Consequences of Unemployment. A Note on the Meaning of Work. Economic Deprivation. Psychological Stress. Familial Disruption. Social Class and Lifestyle. On the Working Class. 10.The Poor. Dimensions of Poverty. Poverty in the United States. Poverty in Other Nations. The Measurement of Poverty. Are the Poor Really Poor? Public Assistance and Poverty. Characteristics of Public Assistance Programs. The Paradox of Public Assistance. The Benefits of Poverty. The Individual and Poverty. Age. Race and Ethnicity. Family Characteristics. Low-Wage Job Skills. Work Experience. Social Structure and Poverty. The Long-Term Fall in the Poverty Rate. The U.S. Poverty Rate Today. Concluding Comments. 11.The United States in Global Context. Poverty and Inequality in the United States and Developing Nations. Inequality in the United States and Western Nations. Some Practical Strategies for Reducing Inequality. 12.Reflections on the Study of Stratification. Objectivity in the Study of Stratification. Research Methods in the Study of Stratification. Paradox in the Study of Stratification. Appendix: Hypothesis Discussed in The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. References. Index.

The articles published in this issue of the Journal help advance the debate on market reform in former socialist states. In our comment, besides dealing with data analysis issues, we suggest several ways to improve the level of debate about substantive issues. These suggestions include more attention to politics, including path dependence, and more attention to middle-level generalizations from other developing market societies.

Social hierarchies among animal species are based on the animal ́s dominance-aggressiveness level aligned with the subordination oftheir mates. Social order is mostly defined by animal size, live weight, or age. This study aimed to evaluate the association betweenodor score (OS), horn presence (HP), horn size (HS), and body temperature on social rank hierarchy, scrotal circumference (SC), semenquality (SQ), and sexual drive (SD). Adult Dorper rams (n=24) with similar live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), and age (AG)were subjected to a behavioral test to define a success index (SI) based on male-to-male interactions. OS was highest (P<0.05) for ramswith high social rank (HSR; 2.5±0.4) and lowest for rams with low social status (LSR; 0.75±0.01). Scrotal circumference was highest(P<0.05) for HSR rams (40.0±3.5) and lowest for rams with medium social rank (MSR; 29.3±1.20). Sperm cell concentration/mL washighest (P<0.05) for HSR rams (3848±187) and lowest for LSR (2660±463). 80% of the HSR rams had horns, while 33.3 of the LSRrams were hornless. The percentage of rejection to mount an estrous ewe was 77.7 for LSR and 20% for HSR and MSR rams (P <0.05).To conclude, the HSR rams presented the highest successful copulation, scrotal circumference, and sperm cell concentration comparedto rams with lesser social rank scores

BackgroundSmoking is initiated mostly by adolescents and young adults. In Slovenia, we have limited data about this. The purpose of this paper is to show data on age at smoking initiation and differences in age at smoking initiation by gender, age groups, education, social class and geographical region among inhabitants of Slovenia.MethodsWe used data from the cross-sectional survey ‘Health-related behaviour 2012’ in Slovenian population aged from 25 to 74 years.Results4591 ever smokers, aged 25–74, that gave information about the age at smoking initiation were included in the analysis. At the age of 25 or less, smoking was initiated by 96.7% of Slovene ever smokers, at the age of 18 or less by 71.0%. The average age at smoking initiation was 17.7 years. Male ever smokers initiated smoking at an earlier age compared to female ones. Age at smoking initiation was decreasing in both male and female ever smokers, but was more pronounced in females. In male ever smokers, there were no differences in average smoking initiation age by education, self-reported social class and geographical regions, while in female ever smokers, there were significant differences in terms of education and geographical regions.ConclusionThe initiation of smoking predominantly occurs in adolescents and young adults. Age at smoking initiation has decreased in recent decades. Our study confirms the importance of early and sustained smoking prevention programmes in youth and the importance of national comprehensive tobacco control programme with effective tobacco control measures to ban tobacco products marketing.