On Freedom-Loving Roosters and Beloved Goats: Animals, Humans, and Iraqi Narrative Prose 1948–1954

Introduction. Investigation of the legal activity in the frame of the family relationships seems to be especially relevant in the period of global instability and Westernization. The analysis of the present-day approaches to formation of the family relationships has revealed the dualism in legal universality and cultural identity in the different communities: although the vector of the current state policy of the Russian Federation aims at strengthening the traditional family values, the internal life of a contemporary Russian family often does not fit into this conceptual framework and develops in the direction of the sociocultural alterations of the society, thus, revealing the gaps in the existing legislation. The aim of this paper is to distinguish the aspect of cultural identity as one of the fundamental legal regulators of family relationships for improving the legal system in this field.Materials and Methods. The leading method used in the research was a comparative approach based on comparing and analysing the legal and cultural family values in Russia and abroad, as well as on contrasting the traditional and modernist concepts of a family ideal. Additionally, application of the general scientific and specific scientific methods (systematization, historical method, abstract-logical method, axiological and legalistic approaches) allowed for a deeper investigation of the features of the family relationship development in the frame of a certain culture.Results. On the example of the cultural specifics of the different states, the fundamental components forming the institution of a family and regulating the internal family relationships were identified, where the dominating ones were the socio-cultural norms, moral and ethical values and religious views. The analysis of the regulatory documents and relevant research papers enabled finding out the inconsistencies between the concept of supporting the traditional family relationships and the cultural values of the society. Having defined the boundaries of the cultural and legal regulators’ impact, we propose to implement the positive legal methods as a replacement to the radical autocratic approaches for achieving the cultural and legal consensus and developing the legal consciousness of a family.Discussion and Conclusion. The multifacetedness of the cultural code of a nation requires making changes to the state government and legislative bodies. Therefore, the forward-looking research concepts in the field of the family legal relationships should aim at uniting the traditional legal and cultural approaches to formation of the family values with the modernized ideas of the civil society.

This study, based on K. Balamurugan’s "'Suruttu' Short stories: Family Relationships” aims to explore the status of family relationships in short stories. There are various interesting short stories published in recent times. The relationships between family members is essential in the progress of a family and society. Positive family relationships can create prosperous families. Prosperous families can create a good society. Malaysian short story writer K. Balamurugan's short story 'Suruttu' is used as the primary source for this study. K. Balamurugan, who is a Tamil school teacher is a celebrated short stories writer who has written fascinating short stories. He is particularly interested in creating stories for children. This research studies and analyses the importance of family relationships through K. Balamurugan’s 'Suruttu' short stories.

This study, based on K. Balamurugan’s "'Suruttu' Short stories: Family Relationships” aims to explore the status of family relationships in short stories. There are various interesting short stories published in recent times. The relationships between family members is essential in the progress of a family and society. Positive family relationships can create prosperous families. Prosperous families can create a good society. Malaysian short story writer K. Balamurugan's short story 'Suruttu' is used as the primary source for this study. K. Balamurugan, who is a Tamil school teacher is a celebrated short stories writer who has written fascinating short stories. He is particularly interested in creating stories for children. This research studies and analyses the importance of family relationships through K. Balamurugan’s 'Suruttu' short stories.

본 연구는 G광역시 지역주민들을 대상(n=299)으로 운영되는 건강가정지원센터의 가족지원관련 5개 프로그램(가족상담프로그램, 가족교육지원사업, 가족친화문화지원사업, 돌봄지원사업, 다양한가족지원사업)이 가족가치관, 가족간 의사소통, 가족관계성 수준을 반영한 차별화된 프로그램 개발과 활성화가 필요하다는 인식에서 출발하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 첫째, 지역주민의 가족가치관, 가족간 의사소통, 가족관계성 수준은 어떠한가? 둘째, 지역주민의 가족가치관, 가족간 의사소통, 가족관계성에 따라 가족지원사업 프로그램 요구도에 차이가 있는가?라는 연구문제를 설정하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 지역주민의 가족가치관(M=3.55, S.D.=.664), 가족간 의사소통(M=3.65, S.D.=.669), 가족관계성(M=3.69 S.D=.584) 정도는 모두 평균이상(5점만점)으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 가족의 가치관, 의사소통, 가족관계성 수준이 평균미만집단이 평균이상집단과 비교하여 가족상담프로그램을 제외하고 가족교육지원사업, 가족친화문화지원사업, 돌봄지원사업, 다양한가족지원사업 등에서 필요도가 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서 건강가정지원센터의 프로그램 참여도를 높이고 활성화시킬 수 있는 방안은 각 프로그램별도 가족의 가치관, 의사소통, 가족관계성 수준을 사전에 파악하여 집단별 프로그램 목표도를 차별화하거나, 프로그램 참여 우선순위를 결정할 때 프로그램 필요도 욕구가 높은 평균미만집단에게 우선권을 주는 방안도 고려해야 할 것이다. This study set out from the perception that one should develop and activate differentiated programs from those 5 programs of the Health Family Support Center (family counseling program, family education support project, family affinity culture support project, care support project, diversity family support project) on the subjects (n=299) of residents in G metropolitan city by reflecting the levels of family values, communication between family members and family relationship. To achieve the study purposes above, this study devised research questions as follows: Research question 1. What are the levels of local residents for their family values, communication between family members and family relationship? Research question 2. Is there any difference in demanding family support project programs according to the local residents' family values, communication between family members and family relationship? Following are the results of this study: First, the levels were analyzed to be more than the average (on a maximum scale of 5 points) with local residents' family values (M=3.55, S.D.=.664), communication between family members (M=3.65, S.D.=.669), family relationship (M=3.69 S.D=.584) Second, the necessity levels for family values, communication between family members and family relationship of the group below the average as compared with the group over the average was found to be significantly high in family education support project, family affinity culture support project, care support project and diversity family support project except family counseling program. Accordingly, strategic plans for increasing the participation rate for the programs by the Health Family Support Center and activating those programs could be by investigating in advance the levels of family values, communication between family members and family relationship by each program respectively and differentiating the target level for the program by the group, or by giving preference to the group below the average who have high needs of program necessity when making decisions for the participation preference of the programs.

China has seen a rapid urbanization and industrialization, and a dramatic improvement in the quality of life and living conditions since its economic reform started in 1980s. The changes in the social and economic context, and implementation of One Child Family Policy led to noticeable changes in family structure and relationship. While traditional extended families exist, there occur multiple forms of Chinese families, i.e. nuclear families, single-parent families, DINK families, the single person household and the cohabitant household. Some scholars view the changes as the deterioration of marriage and family values and growing emphasis on individualism. The current paper critically analyzes the major studies of Chinese families to understand the changes in family relationship, structure and values over the past 30 years. Three questions are asked: Has Chinese family become nuclear in structure and diverse in form? Have Chinese shifted their values from collective interests to individual interests? Has Chinese marriage become less important? The extended family is the dominant functional family form in which children and elderly are taken care of while nuclear family is the most common form. Single-person family, singleparent family, remarried family and childless family are a fraction of the population. Families continue to prioritize collective interest over individual interest. Overall Chinese value marriage. The first marriage is postponed. Premarital sex is less stigmatized, but cohabitation remains marginalized. Contemporary family is fluid and dynamic.

This research is motivated by the many moral values contained in the short stories circulating widely in Indonesia, one of which is justice short stories by Putu Wijaya. The short story has moral values, and this research focuses on the moral values contained in the short story. Therefore, this study aims to determine the moral value of the short story by using a qualitative descriptive method that is the depiction of the characteristics of each character to be analyzed based on the id, ego, and super ego. The results of this study are acts of injustice felt by the main character in the story. Judging from the behavior of the second character who is angry, emotional and chaotic without rules, as well as the third character that does not know the value of morality, do not know thank you. Both of these characters are analyzed with the three aspects of producing moral values of bad deeds that are not exemplary by reading good deeds can be seen from the behavior of the first character who has the characteristics of good, patient and able to control emotions. Therefore, analysis through Sigmund Freud's theory can be known moral values contained in the short story of justice that has good moral values and not good, it can be seen from the dialogue of each character.

This study aims to find the moral values contained in historical themed short stories produced by students of SMK N 6 Semarang. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The theory of moral values used in this study consists of four divisions of types of moral values, namely, 1. moral values of divinity, 2. moral values of ideology and philosophy, 3. moral values of ethics and decency, and 4. moral values of discipline and law. The time for collecting research data was in the odd semester in the learning material for writing short stories with the theme of Indonesian history in class XI fashion 2, SMK N 6 Semarang. The results of this study found various moral values contained in historical-themed short stories by students of SMK N 6 Semarang. The results of the analysis of short stories made by students of SMK N 6 Semarang, there are eleven moral values contained in them. The results of this study show that the most moral values are ethical moral values, moral moral values with 5 (five) findings of moral values, then there are ideological and philosophical values, there are 4 (four) moral values, and finally there is 1 moral value, namely moral values of divinity, discipline and law. The first short story contains the moral values of ideology and philosophy, the second short story contains the moral values of ethics and decency, the third short story contains the moral values of ideology and philosophy, the fourth short story contains the moral values of ethics and decency, the fifth short story contains the moral values of ethics and decency, the sixth short story contains moral values divine and ideological morals, the seventh short story contains moral values of ethics and decency, and the eighth short story contains moral values of discipline and law

This study examined the nature and size of differences in family relationships in five cultural groups in the Netherlands (Dutch mainstreamers, and Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Antillean immigrants). In order to get a better insight into the differences in family relationships, a distinction was made between family values and family ties. Family values refer to obligations and beliefs about family relationships whereas family ties involve more behavior‐related relational aspects. Results confirmed that the cultural differences in mean scores between immigrants and majority members were larger for family values than for family ties. Individual background variables had a much stronger association with family values than with family ties. In addition, first‐generation immigrants had more traditional family values and reported stronger family ties than did Dutch mainstreamers. Second‐generation immigrants had more traditional family values than Dutch mainstreamers but they did not report stronger family ties. In conclusion, the distinction between family values and family ties as different expressions of family relationships is highly relevant in an acculturation context, because cultural differences between the various immigrant groups and the mainstream group are not the same for values and ties, and acculturative changes are different for both.On se penche dans cette étude sur les relations familiales, leur nature et leurs différences dans cinq groupes culturels des Pays‐Bas (Hollandais de souche et immigrants turcs, marocains, surinamiens et antillais). Pour accéder à une meilleure appréhension des différences dans les relations familiales, on a opéré une distinction entre les valeurs et les liens familiaux. Les valeurs familiales font référence aux obligations et aux croyances concernant les relations familiales alors que les liens familiaux touchent des aspects relationnels plus comportementaux. Les résultats confirment que les différences culturelles (estimées au niveau des moyennes) entre les immigrants et les membres de la majorité de la population sont plus nettes pour les valeurs que pour les liens familiaux. Le fond culturel des individus est plus fortement associé aux valeurs qu’aux liens familiaux. De plus, les migrants de première génération présentent davantage de valeurs familiales traditionnelles et témoignent de liens familiaux plus forts que ceux des Hollandais de souche. Les migrants de seconde génération ont également plus de valeurs familiales traditionnelles que les Hollandais de souche, mais pas de liens familiaux plus étroits. Disons pour conclure que distinguer valeurs et liens familiaux comme étant des expressions différentes des relations en famille est tout à fait pertinent dans un contexte d’acculturation puisque les différences culturelles entre les divers groupes de migrants et les autochtones ne sont pas identiques pour les valeurs et les liens et que l’impact dûà l’acculturation n’est pas le même dans les deux cas.

The collection of twelve short stories published in 1953 by the little-known Cuban woman writer Surama Ferrer has attracted scant critical attention, despite its varied and disturbing content. With elements of the supernatural fused with santeria, the stories relate to the female life cycle in terms of birth, blood, menopause and death. Peppered with violent incidents, they contain shocking events including suicide and infanticide. Family relationships are characterized by fracture, bitterness and hatred, as if blood ties have no relevance. Why are these stories so dark and pessimistic in terms of gender and family relationships? What is the significance of allusions to santeria and the magical powers of the sunflower? This article will attempt to unpick the various themes and devices present in these stories, in an effort to draw conclusions about the stability of family and gender relationships in mid twentieth-century Cuba.ResumenLa colección de doce cuentos publicadas en 1953 por la poca conocida autora cubana Surama Ferrer no ha atraído mucha atención, a pesar de su contenido variado e inquietante. Con elementos de lo sobrenatural fundido con santería, los cuentos se relacionan con el círculo de vida femenina en cuanto al nacimiento, la sangre, la menopausia, y la muerte. Salpicados de episodios violentos, los cuentos contienen aspectos chocantes y bárbaros incluyendo suicidio y infanticidio. Las relaciones familiales se caracterizan por rotura, amargura y odio, como si los enlaces de sangre no contaran para nada. ¿Por qué son tán oscuros y pesimistos estos cuentos en términos de género y relaciones familiales? ¿Qué es el significado de las alusiones a la santería y al poder mágico del girasol? Este artículo intentará analizar sus temas y estrategemas para tirar conclusiones sobre la estabilidad de las relaciones familiares y de género en Cuba a mediados del siglo veinte.

The authors consider the urgent problem of the development of family traditions, taking into account family values. The development of family traditions and family values is an urgent problem that requires attention and study. Family traditions play an important role in the formation of family values, which in turn are fundamental factors in the development of culture in modern society and personality. The article examines family traditions as the basis of family values, important factors in shaping the culture of modern society and personality. The importance of modern traditions in the development of families in the 21st century is increasing. However, there is a loss of high-quality spiritual and moral values of previous generations, which has a negative impact on the development of personality and culture. In this context, it becomes important to take legislative measures and develop systems aimed at strengthening and preserving traditional family values in modern society. Family, family relations and family values are of particular importance in the formation of personality, and therefore family institutions must preserve the moral and spiritual values of previous generations. Legislative initiatives in the field of family values and traditions can significantly affect the preservation of moral and spiritual values and the formation of personality in modern society. Thus, the study and preservation of family traditions and values is an important aspect in the development of modern society and personality. The implementation of legislative measures and the creation of systems that contribute to the preservation of traditional values can be a key factor in supporting the moral and spiritual aspects of family life and personality formation in modern society.

The article describes the results of the application of the program of formation of moral values of convicted students of professional (vocational and technical) education, which is based on the principles of parable therapy and existential psychology. The subjects were divided into three groups: the first (experimental) — those who participated in the program of formation of moral values and at the same time received professional (vocational and technical) education, the second (first control) — those who only received education, the third (second control) — who did not participate in the moral values formation program and did not receive an education. Peculiarities of the value sphere of the interviewees were diagnosed using Milton Rokich's test of terminal and instrumental values, which allows determining the ranks of each of the 18 terminal and 18 instrumental values of an individual. The most significant for respondents of all groups is such a terminal value as "materially provided life", and the least significant is the value "creativity". The most significant for them are the following instrumental values: "ability to think", "restraint" and "firm will"; and "discipline" and "accuracy" are the least significant. It was concluded that there is a close connection between all similar moral values of the respondents of the control groups, which was not found in the subjects of the experimental group. Interrelated values were found in all groups of subjects: "active life" and "life wisdom"; "creativity" and "self-confidence"; "care" and "hard work". Only the individuals of the experimental group experienced significant changes in the hierarchy of moral values: they increased in importance, which indicates the effectiveness of the program, which did not occur in the individuals of the control groups. Significant differences were also found between the clusters of moral values of individuals in the experimental group, which was not found in the representatives of the control groups. Significant differences were found between the value clusters of representatives of the experimental group before and after the program, which was not found between the value clusters of representatives of the control groups. In each group of respondents there are clusters "Family values" (values "responsibility" and "caring"), "Basic values" (value "materially provided life") and "Active life" (values "interesting work", "hardworking" and " art"). In each group of convicts there is a factor "Basic values" (value "materially secure life"), almost in each: "Family values" (value "caring"), "Professional values" (values "interesting work", "discipline" and "responsibility") and "Ethical values" ("honesty" value). As a result of the involvement of vocational (vocational and technical) education recipients of the experimental group in the correctional program "Moral values", significant changes in the hierarchy of values occurred in them, which did not occur in the individuals of the control groups (including those receiving vocational and technical education), which testifies to its effectiveness in the direction of the formation of moral values.

Background Currently, China has the highest prevalence of dementia worldwide. The prevalence of dementia is greater in rural areas than in urban ones, mostly because over two-thirds of Chinese older adults reside in rural regions. Moreover, the cultural preference for family-based eldercare, in conjunction with the absence of dementia-related services in rural areas of China, has resulted in the responsibility of caring for older adults with dementia falling solely on family caregivers. Nevertheless, there has been no prior research that has examined the lived experiences of caregivers of individuals with dementia in rural China. This study investigates the lived experiences of dementia family caregivers in rural China, thereby addressing the knowledge gap. Methods In-depth qualitative data were collected from 25 family caregivers residing in a rural county in southwestern China. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview narratives were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach. All transcripts were coded by two experienced researchers with qualitative training. Discrepancies in coding were resolved by consensus. Results Main themes that emerged from the data include caregivers’ perceptions of dementia, motivation for caregiving, challenges in caregiving, dynamics within family relationships, coping strategies, and unmet needs. Conclusion In rural China, families are crucial to the care of older adults living with dementia. The findings underscore the pressing need to develop psychoeducational intervention strategies for supporting family caregivers of individuals with dementia in rural or low-resource regions in China. Policy and service implications will also be discussed.

Indigenization of English in Five Short Stories of Manuel Arguilla

U ovome je članku predstavljena zbirka novela Osunčani otoci Jerka Skračića. Autor najprije predstavlja dvije novele koje su prethodile toj zbirci iz 1943. godine. Novele, "Braco" i "Kolporter" ukazuje na dvije dominantne odrednice Skračićeve buduće novelistike: obitelj kao sadržaj i dramatsku strukturu sadržaja. Zbirka Osunčani otoci ima tri razdjela. U prvome ("Sjene uspomena") J. Skračiću ja-formi donosi sjećanja iz svog djetinjstva. U drugom razdjelu ("Osunčani otoci"), u novelama "jednog dana", Skračić piše o događajima i trenutnim krizama svijesti usamljenih ljudi na Kornatskim otocima. Treći razdio ("Selo u brizi") romanesknesu, štoviše dramatske, priče iz obiteljskog života u jednom zatvorenom seoskom svijetu. Novele ova dva razdjela napisane su u trećem licu. Jedan dio novela J. Skračića strukturiran je u skladu s glavnim teorijskim postulatima toga tipa proze. Izvjestan je broj priča, međutim, komponiran na romanesknoj, vremenski duljoj, matrici. Razlog je tomu dramatska psihološka situacija pojedinih likova, poglavito naglašena obiteljskim odnosima te stajalištuobitelji spram seoskoj sredini. J. Skračić kao pisac, a po uzoru na velike francuske i ruske noveliste, ostaje nepristranim svjedokom događanja. No ne može se ne uočiti njegova empatija sasviješću likova u krizi, ali ni "tužni i ironični" pogled na svijet u kome žive.

Family is the basic unit of society which plays a key role in the primary socialisation of an individual. It is in the family that a person learns norms and values that later determine his/her behaviour and interaction with other people. However, in the modern world, marriage and family values are undergoing significant changes which leads to the transformation of social interaction. This article analyses the factors influencing the formation of value orientations of modern youth in the sphere of family and marriage. The research studies trends in the development of family and marriage relations in the current Russian society, examines value orientations of young people and identifies factors that have the greatest impact on their establishment. The relevance of the article is conditioned by the need to understand the mechanisms of this establishment in today’s society. The results of the paper can be used and are helpful to develop recommendations on the formation of family values and strengthening the family institution, to develop educational programmes and courses in sociology, psychology, pedagogy, and other disciplines related to the study of family and family values. The work is based on the analysis of scientific publications, statistical data, and other sources of information.