Abstract
AbstractThe author, a landscape scientist, defends the view that inert nature, which he calls geoma, exerts a far more powerful impact on the formation of the natural environment than living nature, or the biota. In his view the total environment is shaped by biotic modification of the basic geomic environment. Most biotic modifications are unstable and reversible and last only as long as the biological plant and animal community that produces them. However, some biotic modifications are irreversible and leave a trace even after the disappearance of the biocenosis. Both reversible modifications (microclimate, snow cover, runoff, etc) and irreversible changes (rock weathering, the formation of hardpan, some soil elements) are discussed with particular reference to the impact of a forest community on the geomic environment.
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