Abstract
Chitosan is a bioactive polymer produced from shrimp and crab shells, etc. According to VASEP (Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers), the production of raw shrimp cultured in Vietnam was about 800,000 tons in 2018. Therefore, the shrimp processing industry has generated about 320,000 tons of wastes, including heads and shells. If wastes are not utilized and managed in proper ways, it can lead to serious environmental problems. In our study, shrimp shells were used to produce chitosan and further obtained oligochitosan for application in food preservation. The cobalt-60 radiation technology has been used to segment chitosan into oligochitosan. The radiation dose applied to chitosan solution was in the range of 25 ÷ 50 kGy and in the range of 66 ÷ 166 kGy for chitosan flakes. The results showed that the chitosan solution had higher segmental efficiency compared to that of chitosan flakes. The antibacterial activities of oligosaccharide chitosan segmented from chitosan flakes were higher than those of oligosaccharide chitosan segmented from chitosan solution. The highest antibacterial activities were observed in the oligochitosan segmented from chitosan flakes at the radiation dose of 66 kGy for all tested bacteria: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis. In addition, oligochitosan segmented from chitosan flakes at the radiation dose of 66 kGy had higher antibacterial activities on bacteria gram (-) than bacteria gram (+). The strongest antibacterial activities on L. monocytogenes and B. subtilis at the concentration of 0.3125%.
Highlights
Chitosan is a biological polymer produced from shrimp and crab shells, etc [1,2,3]
+ Bacteria strains: The bacteria strains were used for the antibacterial evaluation consisting of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis that supplied by the Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam
The results showed that oligosaccharide chitosan from chitosan solution and chitosan flakes exhibited antibacterial activity on E. coli O157: H7, S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and B. subtilis
Summary
Chitosan is a biological polymer produced from shrimp and crab shells, etc [1,2,3]. Oligochitosan can be segmented from chitosan by using different technologies such as enzyme technology or cobalt-60 radiation technology [3,4,5,6]. Oligochitosan is believed to have antibacterial activities. Some researches have been carried out on using oligosaccharide chitosan in vegetable preservation and antifungal, etc [7,8,9,10]. The advantage of using cobalt-60 radiation technology to segment chitosan is that after segmentation oligochitosan products can be used immediately in the preservation process without purification or removal of impurities. The aim of this study was to the impact of cobalt-60 radiation on the viscosity, the molecular weight, and antibacterial activity of oligosaccharide chitosan
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