Abstract
Now a long time ago, avian remains from the Vallès-Penedès Basin and from other Miocene localities inaugurated the study of the Neogene birds from Spain. After so much time, it is suitable to review them. Fossils unknown so far of the same or close taxa from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula are also presented in this paper. The majority of species belong to Phasianidae. The present paper participates in a long discussion about the systematic validity of the various fossil species of Tyto described in the European Neogene. A considerable part of such discussion has as focal point Tyto balearica. Apparently, discrepancies have been raised around the size range of this species, although a conviction of the chronological and geographical distributions of this owl, in particular, if it were essentially an insular species, has likely had an unwanted influence on a debate that should be restricted to anatomical aspects.
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