Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare new rutin-loaded oil-in-oil-in-water (o/o/w) pre-double emulsions for topical application. The new formulations were prepared through two-step emulsification process and stabilized by hydrophobic silica particles and nonionic surfactants. Obviously, the use of a dual emulsifier system could effectively improve emulsifier tridimensional network structure strength and emulsions stability. After dilution with aqueous medium, the optimized formulations could self-emulsify to o/o/w double emulsions, with inner oil phase mainly containing the drug. Subsequently, a sustained release profile was observed for up to 12h and a good stability was achieved over a period of 3 months at 4°C and 25°C. DPPH scavenging assay confirmed that rutin could be protected by the o/o/w pre-double emulsions. Compared to rutin aqueous solution, the o/o/w pre-double emulsions presented higher ability to enhance skin permeation of rutin, and significantly increased drug distribution in the skin as well. These studies demonstrated that this new o/o/w pre-double emulsions might be a promising vehicle for topical application of poorly water-soluble and simultaneously poorly oil-soluble drugs, such as rutin.
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