Abstract
Analysis of δ13C aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons plus extracts from source-rock plots in graphical diagram as well as δ13C% and C28/C29 ratio of source-age sterane biomarkers of 300 scattered crude oil samples have enabled this study to assess groupings of hydrocarbons into families related to sedimentary basins in Iraq. Oil sources include Middle Jurassic strata of Sargelu Formation in the Zagros fold belt of North Iraq and eastern part of Mesan Governorate with Middle Jurassic as well as Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous Chia Gara Formation in the North East based on a C28/C29 ratio of nearly 6 and 8, respectively. Mesopotamian Basin oil sources comprised mainly of Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy Formation above the Upper Jurassic lower regional seal of the Gotnia Anhydrite except were thinned and faulted with a C28/C29 ratio that ranges between 5 and 9, which could cause mixing with Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation oil. Middle Triassic oil in North West Iraq is recorded within Kurra Chine Formation with a C28/C29 ratio of 4, while Lower Palaeozoic oil sources are recorded in West Iraq. On the other hand, one formation may have multiple pay zones of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sources, such as Zubair and Yamama formations. The kerogens of the source rocks are confirmed by chemical analytical studies of pyrolysis and by microscopic studies of palynofacie types of the disseminated organic matters. PetroMod software basin modeling for hydrocarbon generation and palynomorphs for source-rock age assessments are discussed too. Oil accumulations in the reservoirs are assessed in this study using petrophysical properties to obtain hydrocarbon filling of the rocks and trapping dynamically mobile hydrocarbons in structural and stratigraphic traps in structural cross section and seismic sections. Petroleum system framework, interpreted in this study, could be used for hydrocarbon exploration and for mineral genesis of sulfur deposits through systematic studies and analysis in the proposed oil field especially when they are plotted on seismic section images for assessing the extent of source and reservoir rocks, and hence predicting hydrocarbon migration paths and finding new reservoirs and pay zones.
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