Odnos između slobodnog vremena, prihoda i sreće - poređenje teorije razmene rada i slobodnog vremena i teorije zadovoljstva slobodnim vremenom

Objectives: Older adults in skip-generation households (SGHs) play a valuable role in maintaining the cohesion of extended families in the absence of the middle generation. Little is known about the health and well-being of older adults in SGHs or how it varies depending on their age. This study aimed to examine 1) the association between living in SGHs and subjective health and well-being and 2) the association between subjective health and well-being of older adults in SGHs across age groups. Methods: Drawing data from the 2017 national survey of older people, older adults aged ≥60 years without disability in activities of daily living (n=38,088) were included for multiple regression analyses. Living arrangements were classified into SGHs and non-SGHs. Subjective health was evaluated based on self-rated health, whereas subjective well-being was evaluated using a happiness score. Ordinal logistic regression and linear regression models, stratified by age groups (young-old, 60-69; middle-old, 70-79; and old-old, ≥80), compared subjective health and well-being of older adults in SGHs and non-SHGs, while controlling for potential covariates. Results: Among older Thai adults, 10.1% lived in SGHs, and 11.1%, 9.5%, and 6.3% were among the young-old, middle-old, and old-old, respectively. Across age groups, older adults living in SGHs reported better health status but worse well-being than those living in non-SGHs. Older adults from the old-old group living in SGHs seemed to report the best health status, whereas those in the young-old and old-old groups tended to report the worst well-being. The direction of the association between living arrangements and subjective health and well-being did not differ by age group. Conclusion: Better health status but worse well-being were observed in SGHs. Social sectors should pay attention to the well-being of these older adults.

Previous studies have documented the correlations between leisure time, perceived stress, and subjective well-being (SWB), yet the extent to which the amount of leisure time impacts the effect of perceived stress on SWB has rarely been studied. The current study focuses on this under researched topic among young and middle-aged working adults in the Chinese context. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that perceived stress had a negative correlation with SWB. Engagement in active leisure time activities contributed to SWB. Leisure time spent playing sports significantly impacted the effect of perceived stress on SWB in the young and middle-aged groups. The study contributes to the identification of the complicated interactive relationships among leisure time, perceived stress, and SWB based on empirical evidence and has implications for the design of intervention strategies to promote quality of life in China.

Uloga slobodnog vremena i društvenih mreža u samoprocjeni kvalitete života učenika višeg sekundarnog obrazovanja

Objective To study the relationship between subjective well-being and family care degree of medical college students. Methods 2695 medical college students were tested by Family APGAR index and Oxford Happiness Test-Revised. The data was analyzed by independent-sample t test, pearson correlations and linear regression. Results (1)The subjective well-being and family care degree and its factors of college students were above average. The score of subjective well-being was 43.08±11.16, and the score of family care degree was 6.48±2.39.(2)The family care degree(t=3.462, P<0.01) and its adaptation(t=2.718, P<0.01), partner-ship(t=4.178, P<0.01), and growth(t=4.484, P<0.01) of female students were higher than male students. The family care degree (t=3.939, P<0.01)and its adaptation(t=4.683, P<0.01), partner-ship(t=3.306, P<0.01), and growth (t=2.796, P<0.01)and subjective well-being(t=3.508, P<0.01) of the students who came from cities and towns were higher than the students who came from rural. (3)There was a significant relation between subjective well-being and family care degree and its factors(r=0.197~0.357, all P<0.05). The partner-ship, resolve, growth and affection can forecast together the 13.2% variance of subjective well-being. Conclusion Enhancing family care degree is contribute to the subjective well-being and psychological health of medical college students. Key words: Subjective well-being; Family care degree; Medical college students

Decision letter: SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics across the respiratory tract, sex, and disease severity for adult and pediatric COVID-19

The role of subjective well-being with leisure and hospitality services has become crucial in successful management. Subjective well-being can be examined at the national and individual levels. In this study, subjective well-being was examined at the individual level. The purpose of this study is to 1)examine the effects of eating-out value(functional, social, and monetary) on subjective well-being, 2)investigate the effects of eating-out value on behavioral intention, and 3)assess the effect of subjective well-being on behavioral intention in restaurants. In October 2016, a total of 501 samples who had visited a table service restaurant within the last three months participated in this study. The results of this study are as follows. First, factor analysis identified three eating-out values in restaurants: functional, social, and monetary value. Second, regression analysis showed that three types of eating-out values had significantly affected consumers’ subjective well-being. Among three types of eating-out values, social value is the most influential factor affecting consumers’ subjective well-being. Third, eating-out values had a significantly positive effect on behavioral intention. Among the three types of eating-out values, monetary value is the most influential factor affecting consumers’ behavior intention. Fourth, consumers’ subjective well-being had a significantly positive effect on behavioral intention. Based on these results, theoretical and practical implications for effective marketing for restaurant practitioners were suggested.

The way that children use their leisure time and how this affects their well-being are topical and much-debated issues. This chapter focuses on children’s leisure time and activities in a sample of 16 countries across four continents, using data gathered through the international Children’s Worlds survey. It compares evidence on the relative balance of leisure time and other activities; looks in more detail at the ways in which children spend their leisure time and how this varies between and within countries; and explores the associations between leisure and subjective well-being. The results show that there is considerable diversity in patterns of children’s leisure time in different countries and this is partly linked to differences in national wealth. There is evidence of differences in children’s leisure activities according to gender, age and material deprivation across most of the countries in the sample. In particular, gender patterns are fairly similar across the diverse set of countries surveyed. Finally, there is evidence of a link between more frequent participation in reading and in sports and children’s higher overall subjective well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of implications of these findings and directions for future research.

Leisure-time management and subjective well-being among older adults: A three-wave longitudinal survey

&lt;p&gt;Problem: Within marketing, there is a consensus that increased customer satisfaction and loyalty is thought to be closely connected to present and future revenues. In service organizations, customer satisfaction is highly dependent on the service employee’s ability and motivation to execute the service in line with the customers’ needs and expectation. Most customers prefer a service relationship in contrast to a service encounter. So customer satisfaction is more likely to increase if the customer perceives that there is a relationship with the service provider. This might be as to why a lot of previous research, regardless marketing- or management perspective has focused on the customers’ perception of the relationship. To do that makes sense, after all it is the customer that uses and recommends the service and the provider, which of course Is connected to present and future revenues for both company and service provider. However, what about the relational perspective and benefits/motivation for the service provider, does the service provider prefers a service encounter or service relationship? Human relations has a major impact on subjective well-being, and subjective well-being impacts individual performance beyond job satisfaction. So is it possible that the relationship quality within customer relations, affects not only performance thru customer satisfaction, but also increases performance thru subjective well-being? Understanding what causes and influences performance within sales appears to be an everlasting puzzle among both practicians and marketing researchers. Previous marketing research with a relational perspective has done a comprehensive survey on influences- and effects of customer relations within the service domain. The major part of these studies is conducted in a B2B context where the relation and interaction between humans are seen and evaluated from a psychological perspective. The psychological relational perspective is not as common in studies in B2C studies within the service domain, aside frontline employee studies. There is a demand for studies among professional service providers, in respect to both performance, subjective well-being and relationship quality. Echoing that proposition, this study is conducted among Swedish Real-Estate Brokers (REB). This is due to REB:s long-lasting and intense customer relations. There is a strong incitement of trust due to the possibility that REB:s customers are both highly financially- and emotionally connected to their homes. Swedish REB are obligated to perform the entire real estate transaction, which makes them even more interesting as a study object, due to the increased amount of trust and time needed/spent with each customer. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold: 1) to exam if preferred relationship (service- encounter/relationship) with customers differ between REB:s and, 2) exam if relationship quality from REB:s perspective affects individual performance and subjective well-being.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Design/methodology/approach: This study applies a quantitative, deductive, hypothesis driven approach survey among 1000 Real-Estate Brokers in Sweden. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Findings: Preliminary findings indicates that attitudes among real-estate brokers concerning customer relations varies. The variations in relationship quality connects to both performance and subjective well-being. Real Estate-Brokers, who prefers service relationships are more likely to have higher relationship quality, perform better and display higher levels of subjective well-being.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Research limitations/implications: Real-Estate Brokerage is in some ways not only a unique occupation in itself, brokerage can also differ between countries. This can be mainly linked to legislation and culture. Therefore, a certain degree of caution is necessary before any generalizations can be made to other occupations within sales and Real-Estate Brokers in other countries. &lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Takeaway for practice: Performance are interesting and problematic topics for both individuals and managers within sales. The salespersons perspective on customer relations has long been somewhat neglected by both researches and practitioners. This study contributes by adding understanding about the connection between a salespersons view on customer relations and performance thru subjective well-being. These insights might be used as: 1) an individual tool within sales to increase performance and subjective well-being thru customer satisfaction, and 2) managerial tool assisting in: hiring, implementations of Customer Orientation and Customer Relationship Management.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;Originality/value: The findings presented in this paper are partially in line with the previous studies and the theoretical assumptions made. To the best of my knowledge this is one of the first studies that investigate customer relations in this context from the salespersons perspective. &lt;/p&gt;

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine both GPS-determined and self-reported walking, cycling and passive transport in leisure time during week- and weekend-days among 10 to 12-year old children. Comparisons between GPS-determined and self-reported transport in leisure time were investigated. Second, associations between parental perceptions of the neighborhood environment and GPS-determined walking, cycling and passive transport in leisure time were studied.MethodsChildren (10 to 12-years old; n = 126) wore a GPS device and an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to assess objectively measured transport in leisure time and filled out a diary to assess self-reported transport in leisure time. Parents completed a questionnaire to assess parental perceptions of the neighborhood environment. Pearson correlations and t-tests were used to test for concurrent validity and differences between GPS-determined and self-reported transport in leisure time. Generalized linear models were used to determine the associations between the parental perceptions of the neighborhood environment and GPS-determined transport in leisure time.ResultsOverall, children under-reported their walking and cycling in leisure time, compared to GPS-determined measures (all p values <0.001). However, children reported their passive transport in leisure time during weekend days quite accurate. GPS-determined measures revealed that children walked most during weekdays (M = 3.96 trips/day; 26.10 min/day) and used passive transport more frequently during weekend days (M = 2.12 trips/day; 31.39 min/day). Only a few parental perceived environmental attributes of the neighborhood (i.e. residential density, land use mix access, quality and availability of walking and cycling facilities, and aesthetics) were significantly associated with children’s GPS-determined walking, cycling or passive transport in leisure time.ConclusionsTo accurately assess children’s active transport in leisure time, GPS measures are recommended over self-reports. More research using GPS with a focus on children’s transport in leisure time and investigating the associations with parental perceptions of the neighborhood environment is needed to confirm the results of the present study.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0045-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Category:TraumaIntroduction/Purpose:Currently there is minimal focus on traumatic lower extremity amputations due to their relatively low incidence, but they often come with a higher morbidity and mortality than its upper extremity counterparts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and trends of lower extremity amputations in the United States over a ten-year period.Methods:The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), was used for evaluation of lower extremity amputations that presented to the United States emergency departments. The overall incidence rate of lower extremity amputations within the United States was calculated as per 100,000 persons. After grouping mechanisms of injury, the data were stratified by both age groups and gender. Chi-square tests were used for direct comparisons of proportions. The five most common mechanisms were ranked for each age group and the most common overall age group for lower extremity amputations were determined using descriptive statistics. Trends for injury incidence and hospital admissions were evaluated using linear regression and Pearson correlation with Bonferroni correction.Results:From 2008 to 2017, 393 patients were reported to have sustained lower extremity amputations via the NIESS database with an estimated 11,475 patients sustaining a lower extremity amputation over the past ten years and an incidence of 2.2/100,000 person-years. The incidence of lower extremity amputations is highest in those less than five years old. Lawnmower incidents are the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups.Conclusion:Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with these injuries, it is prudent to follow the trends in lower extremity amputations.

Purpose: The study explored the relationships among health perception, participating motivation, leisure involvement and leisure satisfaction of Taipei City Sports Centers users. Methods: The data were collected in six Taipei City sports centers by questionnaires through Stratified Random Sampling and Convenience Sampling targeting Taipei City Sports Centers users above 18. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and canonical correlation were utilized to analyze 1,167 valid data. Results: 1) ”Social factor” was found the highest score in Health perception of users was, in participating motivation was ”healthy needs” in leisure involvement was ”center of daily life”, and in leisure satisfaction was ”relaxation”. 2) Relationships among users' health perception, participating motivation, leisure involvement and leisure satisfaction were positively correlated. 3) Health perception, participating motivation, leisure involvement explained 44.61% of the variance of leisure satisfaction through three significant canonical correlations. Conclusions: According to the result, it is helpful to create stronger leisure satisfaction by intensifying users' feeling of health perception, participating motivation, and leisure involvement.

Intestinal permeability correlates with disease activity and DNA methylation changes in lupus patients

Dementia is a syndrome in the form of decreased cognitive function. Wandering is a neuropsychiatric symptom that has an impact on mortality rates which are indicators of achievement of subjective well-being. The study aimed to determine relationship between subjective well-being and risk of wandering among elderly with dementia. A quasi-experimental study, one group pre-post test design was applied in this study, we recruited 34 elderlies and their caregivers using the purposive method. The result showed that there is positive effect of social leisure activity in reducing wandering risk (p=0,000) and increasing subjective well-being (p=0,000). Subjective well-being has a significant correlation with the risk of wandering at the post-test (p=0,000). The result given between characteristic’s elderly and subjective well-being showed p-value less than 0,05 excepted on neuropsychiatric symptoms. Subjective well-being correlation with decreased risk of wandering by providing regular physical activity

Objective To investigate the subjective well-being and social relational quality of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and to analyze the relationship between them, so as to provide a new perspective to improve the quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Totals of 346 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were surveyed by the Social Relational Quality Scale and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness. The pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between subjective well-being and social relational quality of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results The total score of subjective well-being in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was (21.70±6.65), and 31.21% of them was in the low level, 56.65% of them was in the medium level, 12.14% of them was in the high level. The total score of positive factor was (14.33±4.31), which was significantly lower than (16.63±4.68) of the negative factor (t=-6.724, P<0.01). The total score of social relational quality was (44.93±5.21). The score of subjective well-being was positively correlated with the score family cohesion, family commitment, friendship and social relational quality (r=0.453, 0.436, 0.408, 0.432, respectively; P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the family cohesion, family commitment, friendship were the predictors of subjective well-being of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (P<0.05). Conclusions The subjective well-being and social relational quality were in the low level, and the social relational quality was the influencing factor of subjective well-being in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, so we should improve the subjective well-being by improving the social relational quality. Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis; Subjective well-being; Social relational quality; Correlation