Ocular sequelae of electrical Injuries: A 10-Year retrospective review at a Level 1 trauma and burn Center in the United States

Ocular injuries caused by intraocular or retrobulbar foreign bodies.

Background:Ocular injury due to fireworks requires urgent ophthalmic assessment and management to preserve vision.Methods:Spectrum of injury, type of intervention, visual outcome, and reasons for visual loss were assessed in consecutive patients presenting over 2 years with firework-related eye injury. The final visual outcome was recorded as best-corrected visual acuity.Results:In the 96 patients (75 males) enrolled, 122 eyes were involved. Twenty-six patients had bilateral eye injury. The median (interquartile) age was 14 (8, 28.5) years. Injuries occurred during Diwali festival (59.4%) and funeral processions (20.8%); over half (53.8%) were bystanders. Injury was due to negligence (78%), device malfunction (12.5%), and attempts to reignite (5.2%) or recover failed device (4.2%). Presenting symptoms were redness (100%), pain (97%), watering (86%), and reduced vision (77%). Facial laceration, contusion, or hematoma occurred in 13 patients. The most frequent adnexal and ocular surface injuries were lid burns (57.3%), edema (44.2%), charred eyelashes (24.6%), and laceration (13.9%). Open-globe injury occurred in 8 eyes. Common anterior segment injuries were corneal epithelial defect (51.6%) and hyphema (20.5%). Posterior segment injuries included commotio retinae (13.1%) and Berlin's edema (7.4%). Surgical treatment was required in 15 eyes; 107 (88%) were managed conservatively. At study completion, of the 99 eyes evaluated, 21 had reduced visual acuity (<6/6) including 7 with monocular blindness. Factors associated with poor vision were open-globe injury (P < 0.001) and poor initial visual acuity (P = 0.05).Conclusions:Open-globe injury and poor visual acuity at presentation predict the final visual outcome. Monocular blindness following firecracker injury is common.

To characterize ocular findings, management strategies, and factors associated with visual outcomes following blunt ocular trauma, with particular emphasis on the prognostic relevance of macular commotio retinae. This retrospective study included 288 patients with BOT who presented to a tertiary referral center between January 2021 and July 2025. Demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, ocular findings, and treatment modalities were reviewed. Visual acuity (VA) was recorded at presentation and at final follow-up; poor visual outcome was defined as a final VA ≥ 1.0 LogMAR. Macular commotio retinae was graded based on the extent of foveal involvement, and its association with visual outcomes was analyzed. The median patient age was 36years (IQR 27-48), and 51.4% were male. Falls (28.8%) and assaults (27.8%) were the most common mechanisms of injury. Traumatic cataract (24.0%) and hyphema (15.6%) were the most frequent anterior segment findings, while commotio retinae (25.7%) was the most common posterior segment lesion. Median VA improved significantly from 0.7 (IQR 0.4-1.3) LogMAR at presentation to 0.4 (IQR 0.22-0.7) LogMAR at final follow-up (p < 0.001); however, 14.2% of eyes had poor final visual outcomes. Higher grades of macular commotio retinae were strongly associated with poor visual outcome (p < 0.001). In contrast, anterior segment findings such as hyphema and traumatic cataract were not predictive in this cohort. Half of the patients (n = 144) were managed conservatively, while phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy were the most commonly performed interventions. Blunt ocular trauma results in a broad spectrum of anterior and posterior segment injuries with variable visual prognosis. Grading the severity of macular commotio retinae provides clinically meaningful prognostic information, as higher grades are associated with persistent visual impairment. In contrast, many anterior segment injuries are potentially reversible with appropriate treatment. Comprehensive posterior segment evaluation and individualized management are essential to optimize visual outcomes after blunt ocular trauma.

Our aim was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a modified single-arm suture technique on traumatic cyclodialysis cleft with vitreoretinal injury. The procedure involved fixing a detached ciliary body using a single-armed 10-0 polypropylene suture under the assistance of a 29-gauge needle. Patients with a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft combined with an anterior and posterior segment injury who underwent modified internal cyclopexy together with vitreoretinal surgery were enrolled in this study. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to diagnose and evaluate the cyclodialysis and anterior segment injury. B-scan ultrasonography was performed to assess the condition of the vitreous, retina and choroid. The surgical time and successful rate for repairing the cyclodialysis cleft were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were documented for assessment. The study included 20 eyes. The extent of the cyclodialysis cleft was from 30° to 360°. Besides a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft, the included cases also combined this with vitreous hemorrhages, retinal detachment, macular holes, choroid avulsion, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. All the clefts were anatomically closed in one surgery. The average surgical time for fixing the cyclodialysis cleft was 2.68 ± 0.54 min/30° cleft. A significant improvement in LogMAR BCVA was observed from 2.94 ± 0.93 preoperatively to 1.81 ± 1.11 at the 6-month follow-up. IOP was elevated from 10.90 ± 6.18 mmHg preoperatively to 14.45 ± 2.35 mmHg at the 6-month follow-up. The modified single-armed suture technique was proved to be an effective method to fix the traumatic cyclodialysis cleft, which could facilitate the use of the procedure to repair chorioretinal disorders. It improved the BCVA and maintained the IOP with less postoperative complications.

: Introduction: Ocular trauma, including corneal epithelial defects (CED) and chemical burns, are common and can lead to severe complications if untreated. Chalazion, conjunctivitis, and contact lens misuse also pose risks. Severe conditions like retinal detachment, glaucoma, and uveitis require early detection. Public awareness is vital for prevention and effective management.Aim/Objective To assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Eye Injury First Aid Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Aim and Objective: To assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Eye Injury First Aid Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: It is a retrospective cohort study targeting the general population of Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire in Arabic and English was randomly distributed to gather diverse samples. Data was cleaned in Excel and analyzed in IBM SPPS 29. Results: Our study comprised 196 participants aged 16 to 70 years (mean: 34.4±12.8). Female participants were 116 (59.2%), and 190 (96.9%) were Saudi. Among participants, 109 (55.6%) were single, and 143 (73%) had a university degree. A monthly income of less than 5000 SR was reported by 24 (12.2%), while 50 (42.3%) earned between 10000-20000 SR. Knowledge about eye conditions varied, with 33.2% correctly defining glaucoma and 54.1% defining uveitis. 74.5% knew the definition of corneal abrasion, and 65.8% identified foreign body sensation as a symptom. None of the demographic factors significantly affected overall knowledge (p &gt; 0.05). The highest knowledge score percentage was for retinal detachment (2.9±1.3; 73.7%), and the lowest was for ocular chemical burn (2.5±1.1; 49.7%). 101 (51.5%) had good knowledge, while 95 (48.5%) had poor knowledge. There is no significant association between knowledge level and different factors. Conclusion: Our study revealed moderate overall knowledge about eye conditions. There is a high awareness of retinal detachment and a low awareness of ocular chemical burns. Despite diverse demographics, no factors significantly impacted overall knowledge. Approximately half of the participants demonstrated exemplary knowledge, highlighting the need for improved public education on eye health.

Importance Traumatic eye injury is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the United States, but there is limited information available in the literature about ocular trauma related to sports. Objective To evaluate the primary ocular diagnosis, type of sport, seasonal prevalence, and injury severity following ocular sports-related trauma. Design Cross-sectional study Setting United States (US) hospital emergency departments (ED). Participants Patients with sports-related ocular injuries in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Main Outcome and Measure To identify and compare the type of sport, primary diagnosis of ocular injury, and injury severity. Results For 4,671 sports-related ocular injuries identified, the mean age of injury was 19.4±15.2 years (median: 15.0 years, 79% male). The largest proportion of injuries occurred in the 12–17 years of age cohort (38.6%), occurring during summer months (P< .001). The most common sports associated with eye injury were basketball (37.8%), baseball (13.8%),, and football (12.3%). There were 3,214 injuries (68.8%) deemed ‘minor’ anterior segment injuries, 359 injuries (7.7%) deemed ‘major’ anterior segment injuries, 31 injuries (0.7%) deemed ‘minor’ posterior segment injuries, 77 injuries (1.7%) deemed ‘major’ posterior segment injuries, and 990 injuries (21.2%) of unknown severity. Basketball-related ocular trauma had a greater frequency of corneal/scleral abrasions than baseball (P < .001), soccer (P < .001), tennis (P = .03), softball (P = .001), and paintball (P = .02). Baseball-related ocular trauma had a greater frequency of contusions than basketball (P < .001), football (P < .001), soccer (P < .001), volleyball (P< .001). Paintball and soccer were more associated with ‘major’ anterior and posterior ocular injuries than basketball (P < .001, for both). Conclusion and Relevance Sports-related trauma remains a highly prevalent cause of eye-related visits to the emergency room, particularly in young male adolescents in the spring and summertime. While most diagnoses were deemed ‘minor’ injuries with basketball associated with corneal/scleral abrasions and baseball with contusions, paintball, and soccer were more significantly associated with ‘major’ anterior and posterior ocular injuries.

To describe the epidemiology, patterns of ocular trauma, clinical presentation, visual outcome and prognostic factors of blunt ocular trauma.A teaching hospital based prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 4 years from March 2012 to Feb 2016. 226 patients of all age group fulfilling the various inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed protocol based workup including a comprehensive ocular examination along with relevant radiological tests. Data regarding demographic profile, etiology, circumstances of the injury, traumatic agents, mode and mechanism of injury, extent and severity of injury, clinical features, management and visual outcome was analyzed and prognostic factors including ocular trauma score were evaluated.Out of 402 total cases of ocular trauma, 226 caused by blunt objects were included in this study. 181 (80.1%) were male rest 45(19.9%) were female. The mean age was 42.6 ± 18.8 years. Blunt trauma was more prevalent in age group 16-25yrs (24.3%) followed by 26-35 years (23.9%). Majority (68.6%) of victims belonged to rural background. Most of the patients sustained trauma at road /street (30.5%) and home (27.9%). The most common cause of blunt trauma was road traffic accident (26.5%) followed by sports related injury (22.6%) and physical assault (21.7%). The most frequent traumatic agent was wooden object (26.0%) followed by stone / brick (25.2%) and metallic object (23.1%). Only 32.3% of patients had isolated ocular injuries, rest had associated polytrauma. 93.3% victims had unilateral ocular injury. Left eye (52.3%) was predominantly involved. Majority of injured eyes had more than 3 ocular structure involvement. Out of 241 injured eye 14.0% eyes had only globe injury while 61.4% eyes had simultaneous globe and adnexal injuries. 55.6% eyes had closed globe injury while 19.9% eyes had globe rupture. 20.7% eyes had purely posterior segment injury, while 23.2% eyes had both anterior and posterior segment injury. Most common clinical finding was corneal abrasion (45.6% eyes) followed by hyphema (44.0% eyes), traumatic mydriasis (35.7%), vitreous hemorrhage (33.2%) retinal detachment (20.3%), lens dislocation (22.8%) and traumatic cataract (17.4%). At the time of initial presentation 33.2% eyes had visual impairment and 35.7% eyes had blindness. 14.5% eyes with closed globe injury and 5.0% eyes with open globe injury had zone III injury. Ocular trauma score was in Category I in 14.9% injured eyes and in category II in 7.1% eyes. After 6 months 14.5% of the right eye and 24.2% of the left eye showed blinding outcome.Blunt trauma is the commonest mode of ocular injury. Young adult males are more vulnerable. Intraocular hemorrhage, zone III injury, posterior segment involvement and low ocular trauma score are poor prognostic factors.

Incidence and clinical features of pediatric ocular trauma in a population-based cohort

Closed-Globe Injuries of the Ocular Surface Associated with Combat Blast Exposure

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics, preventive measures and visual impairment of ocular trauma caused by tennis. Methods The clinical data of 22 eyes of 22 cases with ocular trauma caused by tennis from Jan. 2010 to May. 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 12 months. Results There were 3 eyes of eyeball rupture and 19 eyes of ocular contusion. The anterior segment injury in 10 eyes accounted for 52.6% and posterior segment injury in 6 eyes (31.6%). The mean age was (32.12±8.05) years ranged from 18 to 45 years. 68.2% of the patients were male. 15 eyes were caused by tennis and 7 eyes by tennis racket. There were 12 right eyes and 10 left eyes. All were single eye injury. One-stage operation accounted for 13.6% and two-stage operation accounted for 54.5%. One-stage and two-stage operation performd on the same eye accounted for 9.1%. Alone drug treatment in 5 eyes (22.8%). The visual acuity increased after treatment (χ2=11.208, P=0.001). Conclusion The most common type of ocular trauma caused by tennis is ocular contusion. Most of them occur in anterior segment. There are more male patients than female. The visual acuity increased after treatment. Key words: Tennis; Ocular trauma; Characteristics, clinical

Retina and vitreous pathology after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis: is there a cause-effect relationship?

Criteria that predict the need for ocular injury treatment in children who suffer periocular facial scald burns are not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and management of ocular injuries among children sustaining facial scald burns and to determine predictors of injuries requiring additional treatment. Children treated at a burn center with periocular facial scald burns were analyzed. Patient and injury profiles were compared between those evaluated and not evaluated by an ophthalmologist. Factors associated with an ocular injury requiring treatment were determined, and treatment differences before and after ophthalmology consultation were evaluated. Seventy-three children with facial scald burns were identified, none with a full-thickness injury. Thirteen children had ocular findings on examination including corneal abrasion, conjunctivitis, scleral burn, and chemosis of the conjunctiva. Twenty-three patients received erythromycin ointment, only 8 of whom had a documented ocular injury. Children seen by an ophthalmologist (n = 24) more often had a positive finding on examination (37.5% vs 8.2%, P = 0.007) and received treatment (66.7% vs 14.3%, P < 0.001). Only 4 patients had modification in their treatment plan after consultation, 3 of whom were started on treatment despite not having a positive finding on examination. Ocular injury after periocular facial scald burns is an infrequent finding. Among children with partial-thickness periocular facial scald burns, initial evaluation and treatment without ophthalmology consultation are appropriate. Ophthalmic antibiotic ointment is an appropriate initial treatment in most symptomatic patients, with ophthalmologic consultation being limited to children without symptomatic improvement.

Management of electrical and chemical burns in children

Elastic cord-induced ocular injuries

Ocular injuries are potentially sight-threatening complications of burns that are frequently overlooked in clinical practice. To describe the epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of ocular burns in hospitalized patients. We performed a one-year retrospective census of all burn in-patients who received ophthalmology consultation at Motahari Hospital, Tehran (April 2021–March 2022). Demographics, burn characteristics, ocular findings, management, and outcomes were extracted from charts and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests. Among 1,914 admissions, 74 (3.9%) received ophthalmologic consultation, and 69 (3.6%) were diagnosed with ocular injuries. Patients were predominantly male (78%) with a median age of 29 years (Interquartile Range (IQR) 6–47 years). Flame exposure was the commonest mechanism (49%), followed by chemical (19%) and scald (19%) burns. Eyelid involvement occurred in 99% of cases, conjunctiva 61%, cornea 39% and limbus 7%. Corneal injury was significantly associated with chemical burns (p = 0.01). Ninety-two percent received medical therapy alone; 14% underwent surgery (cutaneous graft 9%, ocular procedure 5%). The median length of stay was 9 days (IQR, 5–16). Permanent ocular sequelae developed in five patients (7%), and mortality was 20%. In this large tertiary cohort, ocular burns affected 1 in 25 admitted burn patients, chiefly young men injured at home. The eyelids shield deeper structures, yet chemical exposure remains a significant threat to the cornea and limbus. Early ophthalmic assessment and standardized lubrication protocols could reduce the need for reconstructive surgery. Public-health measures aimed at domestic fire safety and chemical handling are warranted. This study highlights the importance of implementing routine ocular screening protocols in burn units, particularly for patients with high-risk exposures.