Abstract
Viral pathogens appear to exert the most significant constraints on the growth and survival of crustaceans under culture conditions. The prevalence of viral pathogens White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Hepatopancreatic Parvo Virus (HPV), Monodon Baculo Virus (MBV) and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Penaeus monodon post-larvae was studied. Samples collected from different hatcheries and also samples submitted by farmers from Kerala were analyzed. Out of 104 samples collected, WSSV was detected in 12.5% of the post-larvae samples. Prevalence of concurrent infections by HPV, MBV and WSSV (either dual or triple infection) was present in 60.6% of the total post-larvae tested. Out of the 51 double positives, 98% showed either HPV or IHHNV infection. HPV or IHHNV was detected in 11 post-larval samples showing triple viral infection. This is the first report of IHHNV from India. Result of this study reveals the lack of efficient screening strategies to eradicate viruses in hatchery reared post-larvae.
Highlights
Asia has always led world production of cultivated shrimp with a market value of billions of US dollars per year
The objective of the present study was to determine the viral pathogens in post-larvae of P. monodon from hatcheries in India by Polymerase Chain Reaction to understand the viral diversity in P. monodon hatcheries to enforce biosecurity measures
Three viruses Hepatopancreatic Parvo Virus (HPV)/Monodon Baculo Virus (MBV)/Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and HPV/IHHNV/White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) were detected in 4.8% samples
Summary
Asia has always led world production of cultivated shrimp with a market value of billions of US dollars per year. India is ranked among the top five shrimp farming countries globally. It is one of the largest producers of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in the world. It contributed 21% and 44% by volume and value, respectively to Indian seafood exports in 2008–09. Current estimates predict that up to 40% of tropical shrimp production (4$3bn) is lost annually, mainly due to viral pathogens for which standard preventative measures (e.g. such as vaccination) are not feasible. In 1996 and 1997 WSSV was more disastrous, with cumulative lost export revenue estimated at 1 billion US dollars [7]. The white spot disease (WSD) has rapidly spread to different regions of the world with an economic impact approaching US$ 10 billion
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