Occupational Therapy in Forensic Psychiatry: A Review of the Literature and a Call for a United and International Response

Abstract

A review and critique of the literature on occupational therapy in forensic mental health settings was conducted. The results indicate that the evidence base supporting occupational therapy in a forensic mental health setting is relatively weak. Much of the literature describing the role of occupational therapy in a secure setting is over 10 years old and lacks currency, and many of the research-based articles lack methodological rigour. Research has often been conducted in isolation and over a diverse range of topics, which means that important research questions have not been studied systematically. This paper argues that to enhance the credibility and efficacy of occupational therapy in forensic practice, a coordinated international network of therapists needs to be established. Using the strength of multi-site studies, such a group can build the evidence base for occupational therapy practice in forensic settings. In addition, better links between occupational therapy services and local universities should be formalised in order to promote ongoing research that meets rigorous research standards.