Abstract
We explore the dynamics of artificial one- and two-dimensional Ising-like quantum antiferromagnets with different lattice geometries by using a Rydberg quantum simulator of up to 36 spins in which we dynamically tune the parameters of the Hamiltonian. We observe a region in parameter space with antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering, albeit with only finite-range correlations. We study systematically the influence of the ramp speeds on the correlations and their growth in time. We observe a delay in their build-up associated to the finite speed of propagation of correlations in a system with short-range interactions. We obtain a good agreement between experimental data and numerical simulations taking into account experimental imperfections measured at the single particle level. Finally, we develop an analytical model, based on a short-time expansion of the evolution operator, which captures the observed spatial structure of the correlations, and their build-up in time.
Highlights
The study of nonequilibrium dynamics is currently one of the most challenging areas of quantum many-body physics
In contrast to the equilibrium case, where statistical physics provides a general theoretical framework and where very powerful numerical methods are available, the out-of-equilibrium behavior of quantum matter presents a wide variety of phenomena and is extremely hard to simulate numerically, especially in dimensions d > 1
Single-particle dephasing is so far a limitation for the study of ground-state properties, it does not prevent the observation of interesting features in the dynamics of these systems, in particular concerning the propagation of correlations during dynamical tuning of the parameters
Summary
The study of nonequilibrium dynamics is currently one of the most challenging areas of quantum many-body physics. Equilibrium properties of synthetic quantum magnets have been studied using trapped ions [10,11] or ultracold atoms in optical lattices [12,13,14,15,16], including, e.g., the observation of long-range antiferromagnetic order [17] Many experiments using these platforms were devoted to the study of nonequilibrium dynamics, including the investigation of the Lieb-Robinson bound [18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. This study is a benchmarking of a state-of-theart quantum simulator of spin models in nontrivial settings (two-dimensional geometries, including frustrated ones) It shows that, single-particle dephasing is so far a limitation for the study of ground-state properties, it does not prevent the observation of interesting features in the dynamics of these systems, in particular concerning the propagation of correlations during dynamical tuning of the parameters. V C, we analyze the 2d spatial structure of the AF correlations on the square and triangular geometries and show that it is qualitatively captured by an analytical model based on short-time expansion
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