Observatório da Pandemia: a publicidade e as marcas no contexto da COVID-19

In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, universities have responded to the Ministry of Education's “stop College English courses are also taking an online approach to teaching under the call of “never stop classes” Type. This paper introduces the practical process of online college English teaching, including online teaching. The choice of learning platform, the determination of teaching objectives, teaching content and teaching methods, this paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of online college English teaching and points out the future universities. The development direction of English blended teaching mode combining online and offline.

Decades ago, in his foundational essay on the early days of the AIDS crisis, medical historian Charles Rosenberg wrote, “epidemics start at a moment in time, proceed on a stage limited in space and duration, following a plot line of increasing revelatory tension, move to a crisis of individual and collective character, then drift toward closure.” In the course of epidemics, societies grappled with sudden and unexpected mortality and also returned to fundamental questions about core social values. “Epidemics,” Rosenberg wrote, “have always provided occasion for retrospective moral judgment” (Rosenberg 1989, pp. 2, 9). Following Rosenberg’s observations, this essay places COVID-19 in the context of epidemic history to examine common issues faced during health crises—moral, political, social, and individual. Each disease crisis unfolds in its own time and place. Yet, despite specific contexts, we can see patterns and recurring concerns in the history of pandemics: (1) pandemics and disease crises in the past, along with public health responses to them, have had implications for civil liberties and government authority; (2) disease crises have acted as a sort of stress test on society, revealing, amplifying or widening existing social fissures and health disparities; (3) pandemics have forced people to cope with uncertain knowledge about the origin and nature of disease, the best sources of therapies, and what the future will hold after the crisis. While historians are not prognosticators, understanding past experience offers new perspectives for the present. The essay concludes by identifying aspects of history relevant to the road ahead.

The COVID-19 outbreak led to major restrictions globally, affecting people's psychosocial health and their health behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the available research regarding nature and health in the COVID-19 context. Keywords relating to natural environments and COVID-19 were combined to conduct a systematic online search in six major databases. Eligibility criteria were a) published since 2020 with data collected in the COVID-19 context b) peer-reviewed, c) original empirical data collected on human participants, d) investigated the association between natural environments and psychosocial health or health behaviors, and e) English, German, or Scandinavian languages. Out of 9126 articles being screened, we identified 188 relevant articles, representing 187 distinct studies. Most research focused on adults in the general population and was predominantly conducted in the USA, Europe, and China. Overall, the findings indicate that nature may mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health and physical activity. Through a systematic thematic analysis of the extracted data, three primary themes were identified: 1) type of nature assessed, 2) psychosocial health and health behaviors investigated, and 3) heterogeneity in the nature–health relationship. Research gaps in the COVID-19 context were identified regarding I) nature characteristics that promote psychosocial health and health behaviors, II) investigations of digital and virtual nature, III) psychological constructs relating to mental health promotion, IV) health-promoting behaviors other than physical activity, V) underlying mechanisms regarding heterogeneity in the nature–health relationship based on human, nature, and geographic characteristics, and VI) research focusing on vulnerable groups. Overall, natural environments demonstrate considerable potential in buffering the impact of stressful events on a population level on mental health. However, future research is warranted to fill the mentioned research gaps and to examine the long-term effects of nature exposure during COVID-19.

PurposeThis study explored whether the critical incident management systems (CIMS) model can predict the EMS performance in the COVID-19 context. Past research has established the significance of early detection and response (ER) in the context of Ebola virus disease (EVD), prompting a question of whether the model can also be helpful in the COVID-19 context. Consequently, the authors assessed whether ER influences the impact of communication capacity (CC), reliable information channel (RC) and environment (EN) on COVID-19 EMS performance. Assessing these relationships will advance emerging infectious disease (EID) preparedness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employed standardized measurement instruments of the CIMS model (CC, ER, RC and EN) to predict the performance of COVID-19 EMS using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a study of 313 participants from frontline responders.FindingsThe results show that the relationship of ER and EN with COVID-19 EMS performance is positive, while that of EN on CC is negative. The relationship between EN and COVID-19 EMS performance was insignificant. Contrary to the hypothesis, CC was negatively significant to COVID-19 EMS performance due to poor communication capacities.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors acknowledge some limitations due to challenges faced in this study. First, Data collection was a significant limitation as these questionnaires were built and distributed in June 2020, but the response time was prolonged due to the recurring nature of the pandemic. The authors had wanted to implore the inputs of all stakeholders, and efforts were made to reach out to various Ministry of Health, the local CDC and related agencies in the region via repeated emails explaining the purpose of the study to no avail. The study finally used the frontline workers as the respondents. The authors used international students from various countries as the representatives to reach out to their countries' frontline workers. Second, since the study was only partially supported using the CIMS model, future studies may combine the CIMS model with other models or theories. Subsequent research reassesses this outcome in other contexts or regions. Consequently, further research can explore how CC can be improved with COVID-19 and another future EID in the region. This may improve the COVID-19 EMS performance, thereby expanding the lesson learned from the pandemic and sustaining public health EID response. Additionally, other authors may combine the CIMS model with other emergency management models or theories to establish a fully supported theoretical model in the context of COVID-19.Practical implicationsThe findings have practical implications for incident managers, local CDCs, governments, international organizations and scholars. The outcome of the study might inform these stakeholders on future direction and contribution to EID preparedness. This study unfolds the impact of lessons learned in the region demonstrated by moderating early detection and responses with other constructs to achieve COVID-19 EMS performance. The findings reveal that countries that experienced the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak, were not necessarily more prepared for an epidemic or pandemic, judging by the negative moderating impact of early detection and response. However, these experiences provide a foundation for the fight against COVID-19. There is a need for localized plans tailored to each country's situation, resources, culture and lifestyle. The localized plan will be to mitigate and prevent an unsustainable EID management system, post-epidemic fund withdrawals and governance. This plan might be more adaptable and sustainable for the local health system when international interventions are withdrawn after an epidemic. Public health EID plans must be adapted to each country's unique situation to ensure sustainability and constantly improve EID management of epidemics and pandemics in emergency response. The high to moderate importation risk in African countries shows Africa's largest window of vulnerability to be West Africa (Gilbert et al., 2020). Therefore, they should be in the spotlight for heightened assistance towards the preparedness and response for a future pandemic like COVID-19. The West African region has a low capacity to manage the health emergency to match the population capacities. The COVID-19 outbreak in West Africa undoubtedly inflicted many disruptions in most countries' economic, social and environmental circumstances. The region's unique challenges observed in this study with CC and reliable information channels as being negatively significant highlight the poor maintenance culture and weak institutions due to brain drain and inadequate training and monitoring. This outcome practically informs West African stakeholders and governments on aspects to indulge when trying to improve emergency preparedness as the outcomes from other regions might not be applicable.Originality/valueThis study explored the relevance of the CIMS model in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing different patterns of influence on COVID-19 EMS performance. In contrast to the extant literature on EVD, the authors found the moderating effects of ER in the COVID-19 context. Thus, the authors contribute to the COVID-19 EMS performance domain by developing a context-driven EMS model. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications.

Background and Study Aim: The aim of the study is to profile and map the scientific output in research on physical activity in the COVID-19 context. The study makes an attempt to response to the three following questions: (1) What are the leading contributors (countries, research institutions, authors and source titles) to research production in the field? (2) What are the core references? (3) What are the leading thematic areas / research fronts? Material and Methods: We used the Scopus database as a source of bibliometric data for the research sampling process and employed a combination of bibliometric methods, including research profiling and selected science mapping methods, i.e. co-word analysis and direct citation analysis, in order to achieve the aim of the study and provide responses to the study questions. Science mapping processes were supported with VOSviewer software. Results: Research profiling indicates that the main contributors to scientific output on physical activity in the COVID-19 context are scholars and research institutions from countries, which have been heavily affected by the pandemic such as: the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Brazil. Certainly, the reports from China, which was the first nation to suffer from COVID-19 and associated epidemic restrictions, constitute an important input, too. The core references in research on physical activity in the COVID-19 context may be grouped into three categories aimed at: (1) investigating the consequences of pandemic restrictions on physical activity, (2) analysing the outcomes of physical activity for other variables, and (3) providing recommendations for practising home-based physical activity during COVID-19 confinement. Science mapping of the research field conceptual structure indicates the following thematic areas / research fronts in research on physical activity in the COVID-19 context: (1) ‘pandemic and its outcomes’, (2) ‘physical activity during self-isolation’, (3) ‘health behaviour’, (4) ‘food habits’, (5) ‘mental health’, (6) ‘adults and the pandemic’. Conclusions: The study contributes to development of physical activity theory by profiling and mapping research conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through mapping the scientific output, the paper points out the leading contributors and core references, and makes an attempt to identify leading thematic areas / research fronts. Discovering the main signposts may be useful for all the researchers planning and designing research within the field. Moreover, mapping research fronts indicates them the topics attracting attention of the academia and potential research gaps.

Introduction: In the COVID-19 context, university teachers have had to face the most complex educational demands, psychosocial risks, and the anxiety of responding to limitations in terms of connectivity and fulfillment of academic objectives. To identify the levels of Burnout and anxiety in the COVID-19 context and determine how these levels are manifested in the participating teachers.Methods: This was an analytical non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The population was 150 teachers of the Human Medicine Program of the University of San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru, and the sample was 66 teachers. The survey consisted of three sections: 1. Informed consent, 2. Maslach's Burnout Inventory, 3. Beck's Anxiety Inventory. Data processing was performed using the SPSS V.27 statistical software and all citations and bibliographical references were processed using Mendeley Desktop 1.19.8.Results: In the variable burnout syndrome, 25% of the participants were in the high level downwards; they present anxiety in 30.30% of the total. It was found that 50% of teachers presented mild to moderate anxiety.Conclusions: the largest number of teachers surveyed present anxiety due to burnout syndrome in the COVID-19 context. Finally, it is found that there is a correlation between anxiety and the sociodemographic variables sex, age, and marital status.

Self-compassion is negatively associated with aggressive behaviors. However, the association between self-compassion and cyber aggression toward stigmatized people (e.g., people infected with COVID-19) has not been investigated in the COVID-19 context and the mechanism underlying this association remains underexplored. On the basis of emotion regulation theory and attribution theory, this study examined the indirect effects of self-compassion on cyber aggression toward people infected with COVID-19 through attribution and public stigma of COVID-19. Data were collected from 1162 Chinese college students (415 male, mean age = 21.61 years). Participants completed an online questionnaire including measurement of the key variables and basic demographic information. Results indicated that self-compassion was negatively associated with cyber aggression through the lower attribution of COVID-19 and lower public stigma of COVID-19. A sequential pathway from the attribution of COVID-19 to public stigma of COVID-19 was identified in the relationship between self-compassion and cyber aggression. Our findings are consistent with emotion regulation theory and attribution theory, which posit that emotion regulation strategies are associated with interpersonal mistreatment through cognitive pathways. These findings suggest that emotional self-regulation strategies can be used to reduce cyber aggression toward stigmatized people by reducing attribution and public stigma in the COVID-19 context. Self-compassion improvement could be target for the interventions aiming at alleviating public stigma and interpersonal mistreatment toward stigmatized people.

Introduction: the care of the pregnant woman, her family and the newborn in the context of a pandemic, is located in a place of vulnerability of rights, due to different dimensions that causes not being able to predict how she will present childbirth and even more if it produces a premature birth, because not all hospital institutions currently comply with the right of childbirth respected and the right of the patient. Aim: to analyze the internal consistency and reliability of an instrument on safe perinatal practices in the COVID-19 context. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a public institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in the period September-October 2021. The sample consisted of 37 nurses. An instrument composed of 35 items was used that was organized in four dimensions. After applying the data collection instrument in the selected sample, the construct validation was carried out by analyzing the factors and verifying the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Results: the analysis of internal consistency (reliability) was carried out through Cronbach's Alpha. The descriptive results with the 35 items showed a variance of each item of 4,980; a total variance of 24,088, with a total Cronbach's Alpha of 0,817, showing that the instrument presents internal consistency. Conclusions: the results show that the proposed instrument has good validity and reliability and that it can be used to evaluate safe perinatal practices in the COVID-19 context

Teacher self-efficacy is relevant for universities, particularly in the COVID-19 context, since previous studies found it positively associated with their commitment to teaching. While there have recently been studies on teacher self-efficacy in the COVID-19 context, there is still very little empirical research on university teachers' self-efficacy in the literature, particularly in the sub-Saharan context. Based on a social cognitive theory framework, this study identified the extent of teachers' self-efficacy in the COVID-19 context in universities in Ethiopia and further examined differences and predictors across some personal, instructional, and institutional factors. F or this, the study used a cross-sectional survey design to collect quantitative data from teacher participants (n = 147) from four purposefully selected public universities in Ethiopia that completed the short form Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale two dimensions: student engagement and instructional efficacy. The findings of the study highlight those teachers generally demonstrated average levels of self-efficacy, with low to moderate variations based on their academic rank and career stage (Cohen's d =.39-.46). Moreover, the results of the hierarchical regression analysis emphasized the significant predictability of perceived instructional quality and institutional support on teachers' self-efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of providing university teachers professional development opportunities to effectively fulfill their professional responsibilities in these circumstances and beyond. The implications of these findings are further explored in detail.

Now more than ever before, studies of accounting ethics should be at the front of every research that is commenced throughout and following COVID-19 to protect students, academics, professionals, and broader communities. Accounting Ethics Education Research is traditionally linked to the global crisis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to map the knowledge of accounting ethics education literature and to pay closer inception in facing the waves of destressing and the repeated financial scandals in the Covid-19 context. A systematic literature review was performed on 31 empirical research published on the Scopus database for 1993 to 2020. This study also suggests new avenues and insights for future research by analysing the articles into three primary levels according to the scope (environmental, university, and individual), which would help to find the main focus of researchers and draw a clear picture of literature gap. Moreover, this study is the first by far to provide and discuss the key variables (gender, age, accounting ethics course) used by previous studies. The study findings help provide an overarching picture of the accounting ethics education patterns and trends to avoid falling into the same mistakes. In addition, these results draw potential future avenues to bridge the current literature void by presenting fruitful and indispensable directions for future research in the post-pandemic world. It also suggests multidimensional and in-depth insights for reforming the accounting ethics education pedagogy.

With COVID-19-led business disruption and businesses expediting their move towards digital transformation, Industry experts observed a phenomenon of increased adoption of Open Source Software and database management systems to digitalize the business while keeping costs low. This research has studied this phenomenon using a three-step approach: using the collective intelligence of Twitter without the context of COVID-19, Twitter data with the context of COVID-19, and empirical validation with actual monthly downloads data of open source projects from SourceForge in Pre-COVID and COVID-19 time periods. The research finds that although the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a digital transformation and the use of database management systems in many organizations, but there is no statistically significant increased use that can be attributed to a crisis response due to the pandemic.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used by health care workers to protect themselves and patients from various exposures such as infectious agents. However, the wearing of this equipment is not always optimal, especially in an epidemic context of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of this study, in the specific context of COVID-19, is to contribute to the improvement of PPE wearing practices by health workers. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Burkina Faso. All health workers in the care units and the laboratory were included. Data were collected using an observation grid during the first situation indicating the wearing of PPE. The assessment of the indications for wearing PPE was based on the recommendations of the French Society of Hospital Hygiene and on the technical guide for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections in Burkina Faso. Out of 350 targeted agents, 296 were observed. Gowns, masks and gloves were worn in 95.60%, 96.58% and 97.63% of cases respectively. However, PPE such as goggles (1.56%), apron (11.54%), and tunic and pants (46.28%) were poorly used during medical care. The practices of health workers with regard to the wearing of certain PPE are still insufficient. A training and awareness program on PPE should be considered to improve patient and staff safety.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine advance decisions to refuse treatment (ADRTs) in the context of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus 2019) pandemic. This study considers the development of ADRTs, the lack of take up and confusion among the general public, clinicians and health and social care staff.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a conceptual piece that reflects on ADRTs in the particular context of COVID-19. It considers professional concerns and pronouncements on ADRTs.FindingsADRTs have a low take up currently. There is misunderstanding among public and professionals. There is a need for raising awareness, developing practice and a need to allay fears of misuse and abuse of ADRTs in clinical, health and social care settings.Practical implicationsThe authors make recommendations that reflexive training and awareness become the norm in health and social care, that reform of ADRTs is undertaken to prevent misunderstandings and that the person becomes central in all decision-making processes.Originality/valueThis paper is original in considering ADRTs as a safeguarding issue from two perspectives: that of the person making the ADRT and being confident in respect for the decisions made; and that of clinicians and other professionals being reflexively aware of the need to accept advance decisions and not acting according to unconscious biases in times of crisis.

Ecumenical Diakonia in the Context of COVID-19 — A Chance for Growing Collaboration between Act Forums and Churches

PurposeThe novel coronavirus and associated mitigation efforts have caused significant increases in stress for adults with intellectual disabilities. Such increases in life stress predict an increased risk of relapse following psychological therapy. This contributes to the high global disease burden of common mental health difficulties. Therefore, this paper aims to explore service user experiences of maintaining gains following therapy within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods evaluation was completed in a psychology service based in the North of England which specialises in supporting adults with intellectual disabilities. Descriptive statistics and effect size calculations were used to examine therapeutic outcomes pre-therapy, post-therapy, and at follow-up. These findings informed a framework analysis of eight semi-structured interviews.FindingsOverall, outcome results improved post-therapy and regressed at follow-up. The framework analysis revealed facilitators to maintenance include a recollection of specific aspects of therapy and the regular utilisation of strategies and resources. Conversely, barriers to maintenance include a recollection focussed on personal outcome, a reliance on social support and an inability to remember therapy.Originality/valueThis is the only study to the authors’ knowledge examining service user experiences of maintaining gains following therapy within the context of Covid-19. It is hoped that these findings will inform further research and be useful for services in preparing service users for discharge as the Covid-19 pandemic continues and moves towards the post-pandemic phase.