OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTIONARY CYCLE OF THE EURYGASTER INTEGRICEPS SPECIES IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF ROMANIA

Abstract. Purpose. The study is aimed at a comparative analysis of apricot cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin of the genetic collection of the Mountain Botanical Garden by the initial phenological phases of flowering and vegetation in order to determine their degree of interconnection and determine the autochthonous varieties and forms of the Dagestan apricot. Methods. The study is based on the methods of phenological observations in accordance with generally accepted methods with their own additions. Results. It was revealed that the appearance of red bud varieties varied in a wide range (March 28 – April 21), on average, on April 6. The white bud phase was observed in the first and second decade of April from the 1st to the 25th day of the month, and the beginning of flowering from April 5 to 28. Vegetative buds begin to wake up as a whole later than generative ones, with the exception of varieties and hybrids bred from crosses with plum and alpine plum. Beginning swelling buds, flushing buds and leaves in the second and third decade of April, on average on April 11, 21 and 25, respectively. Correlation analysis showed the presence of a positive correlation between the majority of generative and vegetative traits of varieties and forms of apricot, significant at the level of P ≤ 0,05. An inaccurate correlation was found between the trait “bud swelling” and all generative traits. According to the results of cluster analysis, the proximity of most of the cultivars of Dagestan origin to each other was established, with the exception of the Khonobakh variety and its varieties, which turned out to be closer to the Central Asian varieties, which is probably due to its allochthonous origin. The scientific novelty of the study is to assess the phenological phases of flowering and swelling of apricot cultivar leaves under the conditions of the Tsudakhar experimental base showed that the majority of Dagestan cultivars are early flowering (13 samples from 22) and medium (7), while in European and Central Asian prevail varieties of medium and late flowering.

In order to study the effect of the time of sowing seeds on the passage of morphogenesis and productivity of rapeseed, the scheme included experiments where the seeds were sown in I, II, III in April, I and II in May. The experiment used varieties of Golden Ball, Purpurleopop, Purpurov and Geisha, and control was the variant in which the seeds of the Golden Ball varieties were sown in the second decade of April with a row spacing of 45 cm. laboratory - to determine the total yield; statistical - to establish the reliability of the investigated factors. Seed germination analysis used in the experiment ranged from 78.9% to 81.1% on average. The highest indicator of seed germination was characterized by the Purpulepop variety, where the studied value was 83.2%, which was dominated by the seed germination of the control variant by 2.1%. In the early stages of sowing seeds, the period of seedling formation was shorter. Seeding of seeds in the first two decades of April on the surface of the soil was observed for 8 days. The short sprouting period was characterized by all varieties of turnips. As a result of sowing turnip seeds at a later date, namely in the third decade of April - the first and second decade of May and the setting of a higher soil temperature, the period of germination was extended and ranged from 8 to 10 days. By using the term of sowing seeds I-II decade of April, the short interphase period was characterized by Purpleupop and Purpurova varieties, where the specified period was only 22 days. The sowing of turnip seeds at a later date ensured the formation of an interphase period of "seedlings - leaf rosette" in 23-25 days except Purpulopop variety. The interphase period "leaf rosette - the beginning of rooting" and "the beginning of rooting - technical maturity" determined the benefits of early seeding, namely in the first decade of April on varieties Purpulopop and Purpurov.The short vegetation period was characterized by the Golden Ball plants for sowing seeds in the first and third decades of April and the first of May. During the specified seeding period the duration of the growing season was only 40 days. A longer vegetation period was characterized by plants of the Geisha variety for sowing seeds in the first two decades of April. As a result of the use of the researched elements of technology to grow turnips in open soil, the total yield varied from 11.0 t / ha to 24.0 t / ha. The most productive is the first sowing of rapeseed, where its value ranged from 20.6 t / ha to 22.7 t / ha. At the same time, when sowing seeds in the first decade of April, the yield of turnip varieties Purpulepop was the highest and was 22.7 t / ha, or the increase was 2.4 t / ha.

One of the forgotten crops is turnip, which originates from Western Asia. It belongs to the oldest vegetable plants and has been cultivated by man for over 4 thousand years. Successful cultivation of turnip is possible if the elements of cultivation technology are observed. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to establish the optimal sowing dates of turnip seeds and their impact on plant productivity and quality indicators of the root crop in open ground conditions. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 in the conditions of Western Polissya of Ukraine. Turnip seeds were sown in the 2nd and 3rd decades of April, and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decades of May. The varieties Zolota Kulya, Purpurlepop, Purpurova and Geisha were used in the experiment. The control was the variant in which the seeds of the Zolota Kulya variety were sown in the 2nd decade of April using a wide-row method with a row spacing of 45 cm. The experiment determined the duration of interphase periods of growth and development of turnip varieties, the mass of leaves and turnip roots, the total yield of root crops and their quality depending on the time of sowing seeds. The study was carried out in three replicates using the randomized block method. As a result of growing turnips, it was found that at early sowing dates (the second and third decades of April), the germination period is shorter, and at sowing seeds at later dates, the germination period is extended and ranges from 8 to 9 days. When sowing turnip seeds in the third decade of April, there is a more active growth of root crops; when sowing in the first and second decades of May, active plant growth and root crop development are observed; when sowing seeds in the third decade of May, better development of the leaf surface is established. The largest mass of root crops is characterized by the turnip variety Purpulepop (388.3 g) when sowing seeds in the second decade of April. The optimal seed sowing date, which contributes to obtaining a higher yield of turnips, is the second and third decades of April, where the value can vary from 23.8 t/ha to 24.9 t/ha of root crops. When sowing seeds in the first and third decades of May, the yield of turnip roots decreases. The highest yield of root crops is characterized by the turnip variety Purpulepop 24.9 t/ha and 24.6 t/ha, which exceeds the yield of the Zolota Kulya variety by 1.5 and 1.2 t/ha, respectively. The highest dry matter content is possible when sowing seeds in the first decade of May for all turnip varieties - (18.89 − 19.51 %), with the varieties Purpurova (19.51 %) and Geisha (18.89 %) standing out; the highest sugar content (10.66 and 11.34%) or an increase of 2.88 % and 2.2 % is possible for early sowing dates (second and third decades of April) for the Purpurova variety; an increase in protein content by 12% is possible for the Zolota Kulya variety when sowing seeds in the third decade of April, and an approximate value is characterized by the Purpulepop varieties (6.63%) when sowing seeds in the second decade of May and the Purpurova variety - 6.61% (third decade of April); vitamin C in root crops can increase by 7-10% for the Purpulepop and Purpurova varieties, the seeds of which should be sown in the second-third decade of April and the first decade of May.

Relevance of the research. Winter wheat is considered to be a leading cereal crop. One of the area of stabilizing this crop production is to intensify its cultivation on the drained soils of Polissya. Due to the changes in external factors (global and regional climate change, soils, etc.) and technology, the question of modeling the process of crop productivity formation remains relevant. Objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of climate change (increase of average air temperature) on the winter wheat yield on the drained lands of Western Polissya when applying different fertilizer systems. Research methodology. The research was conducted in a stationary long-term field experiment of the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS. The following fertilizer systems were investigated: control (without fertilizers); organic fertilizer – green manure crop; mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + lime; organic-mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + green manure crop + lime. In the course of the study, a systematic analysis of long-term results of field experiments and meteorological observations using mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used. Research results. The coefficient of yield variation over the years of research on a variant without fertilizers reached 27%, against 19% for the organic-mineral fertilizer system. Applying the fertilizers helped to reduce the variability of winter wheat yield by 19 - 23%. Correlation analysis of winter wheat yields in view of the average air temperature of the early spring period (from the second decade of February to the first decade of April) was 0.85. Low air temperatures in this period indicate the late dates of the beginning of spring crop vegetation, which negatively affected wheat productivity. Relatively high temperatures contribute to earlier spring processes and, accordingly, positively affected the yield formation. The correlation coefficient of the average air temperature and wheat yield in the spring-summer period (second decade of April - the second decade of July) was - 0.71. Conclusions. The highest efficiency on sod-podzoliс drained soils is provided by applying organic-mineral fertilizer system. The average wheat grain yield when applying this fertilizer system was 5,7 ton per hectare (+ 38% over control). The application of balanced fertilizer systems reduces the amplitude of grain yield fluctuations from 27% to 19%. The temperature regime in the period from the 2nd decade of February – till the 1t decade of April has a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat grains. Having the average temperatures over 5оC, yields increased by 1-1,5 ton per hectare, and on the contrary, rise of average temperatures in the spring-summer period more than 16оC significantly reduced this index. The established mathematical dependences enabled to estimate the projected winter wheat yield by the analysis of the temperature regime over the years. The conducted research and established features make it possible to calculate the projected winter wheat yields by the temperature regime of the period from the end of February till the beginning of April. The study of the interrelation between the crop productivity and the combined action of temperature and water regime is supposed to be the next stage of the research.

In the years 2008-2011, phenological observations of flowering of male inflorescences were carried out in seven taxa from the genus <em>Corylus</em>: <em>C</em><em>. americana</em>, <em>C</em><em>. avellana</em>, <em>C</em><em>. avellana</em> ‘Contorta’, <em>C. avellana </em>‘Pendula’, <em>C. </em>× <em>colurnoide</em><em>s</em>, <em>C</em><em>. cornuta</em>, <em>C. maxima</em>, grown in the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Botanical Garden in Lublin. Simultaneously, the hazel pollen seasons in the atmosphere of Lublin were analysed using a Durham sampler. The aim of the work was to assess the flowering in seven <em>Corylu</em><em>s </em>taxa in relation to selected meteorological elements and to describe the pollen seasons in the years 2008-2011.<br /> During the study years, the annual phenological cycles in the studied <em>Corylus </em>taxa differed markedly in terms of timing of the onset of the successive flowering phases. During the four years of observations, the earliest beginning of hazel flowering was found at the end of January, whereas the latest – at the end of March. The earliest full bloom took place in the first decade of February, and the latest – in the first decade of April. The end of flowering was reported in February or in the first or second decade of April. Each year, <em>C. avellana </em>was the first to produce flowers and it was subsequently followed by <em>C. americana</em>, <em>C. </em>× <em>colurnoides</em>, <em>C. maxima</em>, <em>C. avellana </em>‘Pendula’, <em>C. avellana</em> ‘Contorta’, and <em>C. cornuta</em>. The pollen seasons in the study period began at the end of January, in the second decade of February, or in the first decade of March. The end of the pollen seasons most frequently took place in the first or second decade of April. The length of the pollen seasons ranged from 38 to 49 days, while the length of the flowering periods in the individual taxa was 22 days on average. During the four study years, the onset of flowering in <em>C. avellana </em>and the beginning of the pollen season coincided on the same day, whereas the onset of flowering in the other taxa was usually reported after the beginning of the pollen seasons. The flowering period of <em>C</em>. <em>avellana </em>‘Contorta’ and <em>C. cornuta </em>lasted from 5 to 16 days after the pollen season. The development of inflorescences was most closely related to maximum temperature and relative air humidity.

Abstract. The article presents the results of scientific researches on the influence of sowing time and density of standing of sunflower plants on the dynamics of the content of available moisture in soil in the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine.
 One of the decisive factors for the achievement of high and sustainable crop yields in the conditions of unstable moistening of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine is the accumulation and rational use of moisture, which is one of the most important unregulated factors limiting the yield.
 On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-10 cm soil layer was in the first sowing period - when it was heated to a depth of seed 5 - 60C and was 25.0 mm. It was found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil at the time of sowing remained high and significantly influenced the dynamics of emergence of seedlings. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer was during the first sowing period - for warming it to a depth of seed 5 - 60C - 178.6 mm. In such conditions, quite favorable conditions of moistening of the sowing layer of soil are created in order to receive friendly and complete seedlings when sowing in the first - second decade of April. However, at the end of the third decade of April, there is a significant decrease in gross moisture reserves in the sowing and deeper layers of soil, which limits the productivity of crops.
 Of particular importance for sunflower plants is the content of available moisture in the 0 - 100 cm layer of soil after the formation of baskets. During this period, the sunflower intensively consumes the available moisture from the deeper layers of soil. Analyzing the results of the research, it should be noted that in most cases, a higher seed yield in sunflower hybrids was formed in those variants where the period from the formation of the basket to flowering occurred in June or the first decade of July, regardless of the year of fall medium long-term indicators.
 It was also found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil in the flowering phase was different during the years of research and varied in terms of sowing and depended on the density of plants. The highest moisture reserves available to the plants in the soil layer were 0-100 cm, in the crops of Forward hybrids, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 55.82 were at planting densities of 60 thousand hectares, at the first sowing period - in the flowering phase - 127 mm. 
 The optimal sunflower sowing period for LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 hybrids in the Right Bank steppe is soil warming up to a depth of seed 5-60C, for Forward and LG 56.32 hybrids is warming up to, a depth of seed 9-100C, optimal density - 60 thousand on ha. Under these conditions, the LG 55.82 hybrid produced a yield of 3.85 t / ha, the LG hybrid 54.85 - 3.64 t / ha, the Forward - 3.09 t / ha, the LG hybrid 56.32 - 3.62 t / ha.
 Taking into account the annual variation of weather conditions of spring sowing, it should be differentiated with regard to water and heat regimes.
 

One of the most dangerous pests of cabbage crops which can damage plants in the budding and flowering phases in all areas of their cultivation is a rape blossom beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775). The pest is widespread throughout Ukraine; it causes significant damage to the crops every year and reduces the seed yields. It should be noted that the rape blossom beetle is not new to our country and as a pest of rape and other crops from the cabbage family has been mentioned since 1845, and a detailed description of its morphology, biology and ecology can be found in the works of the nineteenth century. It is established that in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the first individuals of the rape blossom beetle appear on the flowering wild growing plants (first of all on dandelion and buttercup) when the average daily temperature exceeds 8 °C, it is the middle of the first decade of April and the beginning of the third decade of April. The mass emergence of the rape blossom beetles takes place when the daily average temperatures are at the range of 9–13 °C and the sum of the effective temperatures above 5 °C is at the range of 100–113 °C, it is the middle of the second decade of April and the end of the third decade of April. The females of the rape blossom beetle usually lay 2–3 eggs into one bud of spring rape or mustard. When protecting the crops from the rape blossom beetle the highest technical efficiency was noted when applying the binary mixture of the microbiological preparation Actophyte, 0.25 % of emulsion concentrate in the dose of 4.8 L/ha and systemic insecticide Biscaya, 24 % of oily dispersion (0.25 L/ha) and in 14 days after spraying it was 76.6 % on white mustard, 74.3 % on Chinese mustard and 76.2 % on spring rape. The highest growth increase in the yield capacity was observed in the same variant; for white mustard it was 0.431 t/ha, for Chinese mustard it was 0.265 t/ha and for spring rape the growth increase amounted to 0.277 t/ha. As a result of the researches it is established that the weight of 1000 healthy seeds is 2,6996 g, and the weight of the seeds damaged by the larvae of the rape blossom beetle is 0.4213 g, so it is reduced by 84.4 %. The filling of the damaged seeds is 6.8 times more, which indicates that they are smaller in diameter and frail. The undamaged seeds of spring rape contain 35.92 % of fat, and the damaged seeds contain only 17.48 %, which is 2.05 times less. The protein content in the undamaged seeds was 30.97 % and in the damaged ones it was 32.23 %, that is 1.04 times more. The germination rate of the undamaged seeds of spring rape under the laboratory conditions on the eighth day was 90.0 %, and the germination rate of the damaged ones amounted to 58.0 % and was lower by 32.0 %.

Rising temperatures are already affecting fruit production, and phenological data are important in examining the agroclimatic conditions of the area. The research aims to analyse climate indicators for the sustainability of apple (Malus domestica, L.) production in Slovakia – the onset of the phenological phase of full flowering (BBCH 65) in 1931–2020, the occurrence of frost days in 1961–2020, and the analysis of the area and yield of apple trees in 2014–2022. The results show that in 1931–1960, full flowering began in the third decade of April (western Slovakia – April 24) and in the first decade of May (eastern Slovakia – May 3). On the contrary, over the past 30 years, the average onset begins already in the second decade of April (western Slovakia – April 18) and in the last decade of April (eastern Slovakia – April 25). This also caused a higher probability of frosts occurring between the 1st and 10th day after the onset of the BBCH 65 phase (Piešťany station – up to 137%), and thus a greater risk of flower damage. Due to climatic and economic factors, the total area of orchards is decreasing, but this is also related to the decrease in fruit harvest in Slovakia.

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the dry zone. In the steppe Crimea, which is the driest part of the peninsula, the major limiting factor for crop productivity is the natural moisture supply of plants. The purpose of the research was to establish the relationships between hydrometeorological factors (moisture reserves in the soil before sowing, precipitation amount and Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season) and sunflower yield depending on planting dates (I, II, III decade of April) and plant density (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 thousand units per hectare). The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (village of Klepinino) in 2017–2019 using hybrid of ultra-early sunflower ‘Avangard’. The laying of field experiments, accounting, analyzes and statistical processing of data were carried out according to the methods of field research and methodology of field agricultural experiments with oil crops. A strong correlation was observed: 1) between yield and precipitation amount in May (r = 0.977) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.978), planting dates – the first decade of April; 2) between precipitation amount in May (r = 0.932) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.977–0.978), sunflower was sown in the second decade of April; 3) moisture before sowing (r = 0.892), crop planted in the third decade of April. A close positive relationship (r = 0.853–0.972) was observed at the optimal plant density for the region (40 thousand units/ha) between the amount of precipitation in April–May, moisture reserves in the soil before sowing and yield of sunflower. This indicates a high value of moisture availability during this period in the crop yield formation. In denser crops (50–70 thousand units/ha), the closest relationship is observed between the yield and the amount of precipitation in May. This makes the latter primary and decisive in the cultivation of crops with such a density since the competition for moisture increases with an increase in the number of plants per unit area. The closest relationship between the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and sunflower yield was observed in April and May (r = 0.833–0.967) when plants grow more intensively and require sufficient moisture.

In this study, parasitation rate of adult parasitoids (Diptera, Tachinidae) on Sunn pest ( Eurygaster integriceps (Put.) (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae) and parasitoid species were determined in the overwintering site and wheat fields in Gaziantep and Kilis, Turkey. According to the results, parasitism rates on female and male adults of Sunn pest were 0-16 %, 0-6 %, respectively. While Heliozeta helluo (F.), Phasia subcoleoptrata (L.), Ectophasia oblonga (R.D) on the males were determined, Elomyia lateralis (Meig) with the three of them were determined on the females in Gaziantep overwintering site. In Kilis overwintering site, these rates were found to be 0-6 % on the males and 5-18 % on the females. While H. helluo (F.), and P. subcoleoptrata (1.), were determined on the males and, H. helluo (F.), P. subcoleoptrata (1.), E. oblonga (R.D) and Elomyia lateralis (Meig.) were determined on the females. Although, H. helluo (F.), and P. subcoleoptrata (1.), E. oblonga (R.D) and E. lateralis (Meig.) were determined in wheat fields in Gaziantep and Kilis, H.helluo was determined to be the dominant species. Average parasitation rates on Sunn pest ( Eurygaster integriceps (Put.) (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae) were determined to be 10.125 % in Gaziantep, and 17.75 % in Kilis

Gut compartments and ovary bacterial symbionts of the Sunn pest

The article covers the results of research on the management of elements of technology and the influence of factors on the productivity of sunflower. The field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of IAS NAAS Kirovohrad region. The level of sunflower productivity is determined by the conditions of water and nutrient regimes of soil. According to the results of research it was established that at the time of sowing reserves of available moisture in 0–100 cm of the soil layer were the largest during the first sowing period and amounted to 178.6 mm. Such moisture reserves create favorable conditions for moistening the seed layer of soil to obtain friendly and full seedlings when sowing in the first – second decade of April. The use of moisture by sowing sunflowers can be regulated by sowing dates to some extent. Shifting sowing dates to earlier ones makes it possible to change the conditions of growth and development of sunflower plants, namely, the plants are better provided with moisture, and it is possible to avoid critical temperature periods of plant development. The high reserves of productive moisture for plants in 0–100 cm soil layer, in crops of Forward, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 55.82 hybrids were for plant density of 60 thousand per hectare, at the first sowing period – in the flowering phase they were 127 mm. The content of nutrients the soil changed both over the years and under the influence of different fertilizer backgrounds. Application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers in the dose of N40P40K40 and N40P40K40 + by-products of the predecessor allows to increase the content of nutrients available to plants in soil and to increase soil fertility. Due to economic indicators, the optimal time of sunflower sowing for hybrids LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 is warming soil at the depth of seed wrapping up to 5–6 °C, for hybrids Forward and LG 56.32 is warming soil at the depth of seed wrapping up to 9–10 °C, optimal density – 60 thousand/ha. In such conditions, the LG 55.82 hybrid formed the highest yield – 3.85 t/ha, LG 54.85 hybrid – 3.64 t/ha, Forward – 3.09 t/ha, LG 56.32 hybrid – 3.62 t/ha. Key words: sunflower, soil nutrient regime, water regime of soil, yield, profitability, net profit.

Досліджено ефективність різних способів щеплення найпоширеніших у Західному регіоні України видів жовто-рожевоквіткового (Aesculus hibrida D. C.), червоноквіткових (Aesculus pavia L. і Aesculus carnea Hayne) та жовтоквіткового (Aesculus octаndra Marsh.) гіркокаштанів. Апробовано три способи гетеровегетативного розмноження – "у розщіп", "у боковий розріз" та "окуліровка" для чотирьох видів гіркокаштанів. Підщепами були 8-річні саджанці гіркокаштана кінського звичайного. Прищепами – однорічні пагони із середини крони або вертикальний верхівковий пагін, з яких нарізали здорові, зрілі, без пошкоджень живці довжиною 8–10 см. Щеплення проведено у другій декаді квітня у відкритому ґрунті шкільного відділення декоративного розсадника. За щепленими рослинами виконано агротехнічні та селекційні догляди протягом наступних років вирощування. Встановлено, що найвищою приживлюваністю відзначається спосіб "у бічний розріз" (56,0–80,0 %) під час щеплень усіх видів гіркокаштанів. Квітувати щеплені рослини почали на другий-третій рік після щеплення, а формувати плоди з повнозернистим доброякісним насінням – на четвертий-п'ятий. Виробнича собівартість одного щепленого 2-річного саджанця гіркокаштанів у відкритому ґрунті, залежно від виду прищепи, становить 80,5–115,0 грн. Проведені експериментальні щеплення саджанців різних видів гіркокаштанів засвідчили широкі технологічні можливості та значну економічну ефективність гетеровегетативного розмноження різними способами для отримання садивного матеріалу щеплених декоративних червоно- та жовтоквіткових культиварів гіркокаштанів. Застосовані способи щеплення ("у бічний розріз" та "у розщіп") рекомендовано використовувати у промислових обсягах для розмноження особливо декоративних і стійких до негативного впливу абіотичних і біотичних чинників культиварів гіркокаштанів.

The article is devoted to the study of bioecological features of Ipomoea nil in the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden. Seeds were sown 8 - 10 cm deep in the first decade of April. Seed germination averaged 85% - 90%. The beginning of vegetation and leaf regrowth in Tashkent is observed in the second decade of April. The flowering phase was observed in the first decade of August and fruiting was noted in the first decade of September. Biometric indicators of the plant during the generative phase were revealed as follows: plant height 2.95 ± 0.22 m, generative shoot length 2.62 ± 0.24 m, number of leaves 46.5 ± 3.59 pcs., leaf length 10.11 ± 0.49 cm, root length 19.85 ± 0.88 cm, number of flowers 42.8 ± 2.37 pcs., flower diameter 4.82 ± 0.28 cm. Potential seed productivity (PSP) of the plant was noted 13.5 ± 0.5 pcs., real seed productivity (RSP) was 10.8 ± 0.44 pcs. And in turn, the seed productivity coefficient (SPC) amounted to 80.0% ± 1.31%. The primary results prove, according to the success of Ipomoea nil introduction, the noted indicators in Tashkent conditions.

The article presents the results of a two-year observation of the biological features of the development of the overwintering infection Schizothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Arx. It has been established that in 2022 the maturation of thyriothecia was noted at the beginning of the third decade of April, in 2023 - in the second decade of March, which is almost a month earlier than the previous year. Ascospore dispersal in 2022 was recorded from the first decade of May (5.05) until the end of June, in 2023 - at the beginning of the second decade of April (11.04) until mid-June.