Abstract
Experimental observation of noncritically phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a liquid/TiO2/quartz waveguide is reported. The phase-match condition, approximately independent of waveguide thickness, was achieved by tuning the liquid refractive index. Nonlinear interaction occurs in the quartz between the fundamental (1.06 μm) TE0 mode and the harmonic (0.53 μm) TM0 mode. Mode effective indices were measured versus liquid index to determine the phase-match point. Coherence lengths greater than 3.5 mm were achieved, but propagation lengths were limited to 4 mm by losses due to surface scattering. These losses arise from waveguide design requirements of noncritical phase matching, not experimental film quality. Conversion efficiency was approximately 0.01%.
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