Abstract
This article discusses the lay movement in the Catholic Church in the 20th century, looking for instances of change and permanence in the official proposals of this institution. It assumes that these pastoral proposals were in agreement with the church’s official policies in the face of the social and political context of that period. Thus, one can observe the coexistence of two strong currents in 20th century Catholicism, particularly in Latin America, viz. the “neo-Christendom” and Liberation Theology. The article analyzes the constitution and interaction of the proposals of these two currents over against official Catholic documents such as papal encyclicals, the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), the Puebla Conference and the Medellin Conference. Additionally, it focuses on the gender-related social roles, i.e., the roles ascribed to women and men in those movements. Key words: gender, Catholic Church, lay apostolate, 20th century.
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