O Efeito Equalizador da Política de Fundos de Financiamento da Educação Básica

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This paper evaluates the effects of the basic education funding policy on reducing inequalities in the distribution of resources among Brazilian public networks in 2006, 2020, and 2022. Based on the Student Year Value (VAA), an indicator based on tax revenue data and enrollments, the Gini index was calculated and maps were created to assess inequality. The Gini index shows a reduction in national inequality from 0.64 in 2006 to 0.57 in 2020, and an increase to 0.59 in 2022. State Gini indices varied from 0.49 to 0.54 in 2006, from 0.51 to 0.55 in 2020, and from 0.52 to 0.58 in 2022. The maps show that the Fundef raised many municipalities with VAA up to R$ 1,000.00 to the range of R$ 1,000.00 to R$ 5,000.00 in 2006; the Fundeb reduced the concentration of high VAAs and raised the lowest ones in 2020, and the permanent Fundeb raised VAAs in states of the North and Northeast to the range of R$ 5,000.00 to R$ 10,000.00 in 2022. Therefore, the policy affected funding, reducing inter and intra-state inequalities.