Nutritional Status in Frail and Non-Frail Independent Very Old Individuals

Dietary Counseling Versus Dietary Supplements for Malnutrition in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The use of calf circumference measurement as an anthropometric tool to monitor nutritional status in elderly inpatients.

Background/Introduction Frailty is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and risks of all-cause mortality, leading to a reduction in life expectancy. Cardiorespiratory fitness and peripheral muscle strength are shown to be the strongest predictors of the level of frailty and the potential for frailty to decrease over time. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity and activities of daily living in frail and non-frail adult individuals with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 36 individuals with ACHD, 14 frail (24.50±10.14 years) and 22 non-frail (24.68±6.24 years) were included in the study. Frailty; according to the Fried criteria, which consist of parameters as muscle strength weakness, involuntary weight loss, decreased physical activity, decreased mobility, and fatigue. Peripheral muscle strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer, functional capacity using the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and activities of daily living using the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test. Results Knee extensor muscle strength (p=0.011), shoulder abduction muscle strength (p=0.012) and 6MWT distance (p=0.007) in frail individuals with ACHD was lower than non-frail individuals. Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test duration was higher in frail individuals with ACHD than in non-frail individuals (p=0.023). Conclusion(s) Upper and lower peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity and activities of daily living were impaired in individuals with frail ACHD. Early assessment of frailty in individuals with ACHD and implementation of individualized exercise training programs in frail individuals may be useful in reducing the impact associated with frailty.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric, sprint and agility performance in soccer players. Descriptive cross-sectional study was employed on purposely selected 25 male soccer players (13) from Sidama Coffee (12) from Hawassa Town soccer clubs in southern part of Ethiopian premier league male soccer players. To serve this purpose basic anthropometric (Body mass, height, body mass index) and girths (upper arm, waist, thigh and calf circumference) were included. Additionally 30 meter speed test and Illinois agility test were measured on each subject. The obtained quantitative data was analyzed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the difference in performance between playing position and Pearson correlation (p<0.05, 0.01) was used to see the relationship between all measured variable with the help of SPSS version 20.00 software. The result of the study revealed that strikers were the heaviest and tallest in contrasts with defenders and midfielders. They also had the largest upper arm, waist, thigh and calf circumference. But these differences were not statistically significant. Body mass was significantly correlated in body mass index(r=.676) in midfielder and (r=.947) in striker playing position. Arm circumference was significantly correlated with waist (r=.642) and thigh circumference (r=.840) in midfield positional players. Similarly in striker position arm circumference was highly correlated with thigh circumference (r=.911). There are no significant correlation with positional differences in speed performance with basic and girth anthropometric variable except arm circumference (r=-.666) in midfielder position. Similarly agility was negatively correlated with all measured anthropometric variable in all playing position and statically no significant difference were observed. Key words: Girth anthropometric, speed performance, agility performance

BackgroundMalnutrition among older age people is becoming significantly higher in spite of improvements in the health care system. Life expectancy of Ethiopian elders is increasing; but reliable and valid tools for screening and diagnosis of malnutrition in this subgroup are limited. This study aimed to assess the validity of anthropometric measurements: Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), Body Mass Index (BMI), and Calf Circumference (CC) in detecting malnutrition status of older age people in Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Borena District from January to March, 2020. A total of 421 participants aged were systematically included in the study. To test reliability and validity of the measurements,Cronbach’s α coefficient and Pearson’s correlations were used, respectively. The full Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to diagnosis malnutrition. Overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of BMI, MUAC and CC were estimated using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. The Youden Index was used to determine the best cut-off point.ResultsThe reliability of BMI, MUAC and CC by Cronbach’s alpha was found 0.847. Significant positive correlations between MNA, BMI(r = 0.56, p < 0.01); MNA, MUAC(r = 0.43, p < 0.01; and MNA, CC(r = 0.52, p < 0.01) revealed. The area under the curve (AUC) of BMI, MUAC and CC were found: 0.98(95% CI, 0.96–0.99, p < 0.001), 0.94(95% CI, 0.89–0.98, p < 0.001) and 0.96(95% CI, 0.94–0.98, p < 0.001) indicating the overall accuracy respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of BMI, MUAC and CC using established cut off points were found: 90%, 96%; 78%, 94% and 84%, 95% respectively. However, using the Youden index the best cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity of MUAC and CC were 88%, 86%; 92% and 89% respectively and adjusted for age and sex.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that BMI was a reliable and valid method to identify the malnutrition status of older age people. A MUAC value of 19 cm and CC of 30 cm were simple and efficient cut-off points for the determination of malnutrition in the older age people. A future study is needed to validate the validity of BMI, MUAC and CC against biochemical tests as gold standard.

Can calf circumference be a viable option for nutritional assessment in the PICU?

Energy and Protein Intake, Anthropometrics, and Disease Burden in Elderly Home-care Receivers--A Cross-sectional Study in Germany (ErnSIPP Study).

Prevalence of Malnutrition in Older Hospitalized Cancer Patients: A Multicenter and Multiregional Study.

Prognostic Usefulness of Arm and Calf Circumference in Patients ≥65 Years of Age With Cardiovascular Disease

Objective To evaluate the risks of malnutrition and nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer during radiotherapy , so as to explore nursing countermeasures to improve their nutritional status.Methods 60 inpatients with esophageal cancer receiving routine radiotherapy from June 2012 to April 2013 were investigated with anthropometric indicators and laboratory data for weekly nutritional evaluation on admission, during radiotherapy, and after radiotherapy.Meanwhile, the patients were conducted with Nutritional Risk Screening （ NRS2002 ） per week .Results NRS2002 score showed that the malnutrition risk values of patients with esophageal cancer gradually increased after radiotherapy .The score was （2.06 ±177;1.22） after 2 weeks of radiotherapy, suggesting that the difference was statistically significant （t=-2.457, P<0.05）. After the radiotherapy , the scores of body mass index （ BMI ） , triceps skinfold （ TSF ） , arm circumference （AC）, total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB） and total lymphocyte count （TLC） were （20.21 ±177;2.69）kg/m2, （7.27 ±177;3.20）mm, （24.71 ±177;2.68）cm, （65.50 ±177;5.25）g/L, （38.48 ±177;5.00）g/L and （6.55 ±177;3.42） ±215; 109/L, respectively, compared with those of admission , they decreased gradually in the subsequent weekly examinations and had statistical significance （ t=3.204,2.777, 3.053,7.174,5.685,12.508, respectively;P<0.05）.After 2 weeks of radiotherapy, the incidence of malnutrition increased compared to that of admission, and the scores of TSF, TP and TLC were 95.00%, 11.67% and 98.33% respectively, which showed the statistically significant difference （χ2 =11.800, 7.792, 73.024, respectively; P <0.05 ）. Conclusions Patients with esophageal cancer gradually have higher risk of malnutrition and worse nutritional status during radiotherapy and their incidence of malnutrition increased after 2 weeks of radiotherapy . Key words: Esophageal cancer; Radiotherapy; Risk of malnutrition; Nutrition index

Pregnancy is a critical period that determines the quality of human resources in the future. The growth and development of children are largely influenced by the condition of the fetus in the womb. The fetus's growth can be influenced by the mother's nutritional status before and during pregnancy. A healthy and normal weight baby is likely to be born to a mother with a normal nutritional status before and during pregnancy. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy period to create a healthy and resilient generation. The mother's nutritional status before pregnancy can be determined by her body mass index (BMI), while the nutritional status during pregnancy can be evaluated based on weight gain, upper arm circumference, and hemoglobin levels. The purpose of this study is to describe the mother's BMI before pregnancy, weight gain, upper arm circumference, and hemoglobin levels during pregnancy, and birth weight at the Cilandak District Health Center. This research is descriptive and based on secondary data from the Cilandak District Health Center, with a cross-sectional research design. The results show that pregnant women with very low and low BMI before pregnancy had a higher proportion of Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants (60%). Pregnant women who did not gain weight up to the standard during pregnancy also had a higher proportion of LBW infants (55.8%). Pregnant women with chronic lack of energy based on upper arm circumference measurements had a higher proportion of LBW infants (71.4%). Additionally, pregnant women with non-anemic hemoglobin levels also had a higher proportion of LBW infants (54.3%). Overall, this study highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy nutritional status before and during pregnancy to promote the birth of healthy and normal weight babies. Further research may be needed to investigate the factors that affect maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and identify interventions that can be implemented to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.&#x0D; Keywords: Body Mass Index (BMI), Upper Arm Circumference, Hemoglobin Level, Baby Birth Weight

Calf and arm circumference as simple markers for screening sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease.

Objective: to determine the prevalence of body image satisfaction in elderly subjects, as well as its relationship with nutritional status, anthropometric indicators and quality of life. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out with elderly individuals from Primary Care units (Family Health Strategy) from all the health districts of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The variables studied were: sociodemographic (gender; age; marital status and schooling), anthropometric (weight; height; body mass index; arm, calf, waist and hip circumference; waist-hip ratio and triceps skinfold), nutritional (Mini Nutritional Assessment), and clinical (quality of life; body image satisfaction). The Stunkard Silhouettes Scale, the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Flanagan quality of life scale were applied. For data analysis, logistic regression (five steps) was performed with the Conditional Backward method. Results: a total of 532 elderly users (68.96 (7.14) years) were evaluated, mostly women (64.8%) who were dissatisfied with their body image (71.7%). The predictors of body image satisfaction were: eutrophic/underweight body mass index, eutrophy/insufficient arm circumference, and higher mean quality of life scores. Conclusion: in general, a low prevalence of body image satisfaction was identified among the elderly. Subjects with lower body mass index, smaller arm circumference measures and better quality of life had a greater chance of being satisfied with their body image.

Sarcopenia is a common condition among the elderly. Identifying individual risk factors associated with sarcopenia is essential for developing effective prevention strategies. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels and the incidence of sarcopenia, as assessed through mid-upper arm circumference and calf circumference, among older adults residing at Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using a standard measuring tape, while IGF levels were measured through venous blood sampling and analyzed in a laboratory setting. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. The study found that the average age of participants was 74.34 years, with 84.1% being female. The mean mid-upper arm circumference was 23.73 cm, and the mean calf circumference was 28.58 cm. The average IGF level was 14.43. Spearman’s rho analysis revealed a significant correlation between mid-upper arm and calf circumferences (r = 0.550; p &lt; 0.001), as well as between mid-upper arm circumference and IGF levels (r = 0.237; p = 0.032). However, no significant correlation was observed between calf circumference and IGF levels (r = 0.176; p = 0.114). In conclusion, mid-upper arm circumference was significantly correlated with both calf circumference and IGF levels, whereas calf circumference showed no significant correlation with IGF in this elderly population. Keywords: Calf Circumference, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Older adults, Sarcopenia

Agreement between different versions of MNA.