Abstract
Metabolomics provide an unbiased tool for exploring the modulation of the human metabolome in response to food intake. This study applied metabolomics to capture the postprandial metabolic response to breakfast meals corresponding to vegan (VE), lacto ovo-vegetarian (LOV), and omnivore (OM) diets. In a cross over design 32 healthy volunteers (16 men and 16 females) consumed breakfast meals in a randomized order during three consecutive days. Fasting and 3 h postprandial serum samples were collected and then subjected to metabolite profiling using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Changes in concentration of identified and discriminating metabolites, between fasting and postprandial state, were compared across meals. Betaine, choline, and creatine displayed higher concentration in the OM breakfast, while 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, carnitine, proline, and tyrosine showed an increase for the LOV and unidentified free fatty acids displayed a higher concentration after the VE breakfast. Using 1H NMR metabolomics it was possible to detect and distinguish the metabolic response of three different breakfast meals corresponding to vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and omnivore diets in serum.
Highlights
Human health is related to lifestyle factors, including diet, level of physical activity, body weight management, and smoking [1]
The O2PLS-DA model that is based on the effect matrix classified 90% of samples in the prediction correctly, while the model that on is postprandial based on postprandial samples samples in the prediction set set correctly, while the model that is based samples classified classified
Changes in metabolite concentrations between the fasting and postprandial state were identified for all breakfast meals
Summary
Human health is related to lifestyle factors, including diet, level of physical activity, body weight management, and smoking [1]. In present times of climate change and the discussion of the environmental impact of humans, vegan and vegetarian diets have become of interest in a wider population In this light, the effects on health of diets excluding animal products have become further important to understand. Lifestyle factors other than diet affect health outcomes, i.e., body mass index (BMI), smoking, stress, alcohol use, level of physical activity, and mental health [1]. These characteristics may differ between individuals that are habitually consuming omnivore and vegetarian diets, respectively.
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