Abstract
Abstract Oral tolerance is one of the most critical systems to regulate allergic disorders. However, how dietary factors regulate the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance remains to be elucidated. To address this, we temporarily omitted the food supply by fasting before oral ovalbumin (OVA) administration. We observed that fasting mitigated the expansion of OVA-specific Treg cells. This abnormality mainly resulted from functional defects in CX3CR1 highmacrophages responsible for the uptake of luminal OVA and the reduction of tolerogenic CD103 +dendritic cells (DCs). Eventually, fasting impaired the preventive effect of orally administrated OVA in the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. We further explored the food ingredients essential for the induction of oral tolerance and found that the intake of dextrin and a basic amino acid is indispensable for oral tolerance induction. These observations illustrate that nutritional signals are critical in maintaining immune homeostasis via induction of tolerance to ingested food antigens.
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