Abstract
Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a subjective appreciation of how personal characteristics and health influence well-being. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to quantitatively measure the influence of dietary, lifestyle, and demographic factors on HRQoL. A sub-sample of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project, a Mediterranean cohort, was analyzed (n = 15,674). Through self-administered questionnaires the relationship between HRQoL and dietary patterns (Mediterranean-diet (MedDiet) and provegetarian food pattern (FP) assessment), lifestyles (sleeping hours, physical activity) and demographic characteristics were measured. Multivariate linear regression and flexible regression models were used to estimate the pondered effect of personal factors on Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores. Coefficients for MedDiet and provegetarian scores (β-coefficient for global SF-36 score: 0.32 (0.22, 0.42); 0.09 (0.06, 0.12) respectively for every unit increase), physical activity (β: 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) for every metabolic equivalent of task indexes (MET)-h/week) had a positive association to HRQoL. The female sex (β: −3.28 (−3.68, −2.89)), and pre-existing diseases (diabetes, β: −2.27 (−3.48, −1.06), hypertension β: −1.79 (−2.36, −1.22), hypercholesterolemia β: −1.04 (−1.48, −0.59)) account for lower SF-36 scores. Adherence to MedDiet or provegetarian FP, physical activity and sleep are associated with higher HRQoL, whereas the female sex, “other” (versus married status) and the presence of chronic diseases were associated with lower SF-36 scores in this sample.
Highlights
Quality of life (QoL) is a concept recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe an individual’s perception of their environment, socioeconomic status, personal and demographic characteristics [1,2]
A moderate correlation was found between Mediterranean-diet scale (MedDiet) and provegetarian FP scores, Pearsons r: 0.60 (p value
Amongst categories of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern it is noteworthy that 43.1% of men have a high adherence to the MedDiet pattern, the progressively higher mean age of participants from the low to high adherence categories [low: 34.5 points (10.3) and high adherence: 43.7 points
Summary
Quality of life (QoL) is a concept recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe an individual’s perception of their environment, socioeconomic status, personal and demographic characteristics [1,2]. Each of these factors, both internal and external, can influence individual and population health [3,4]. Both internal and external, can influence individual and population health [3,4] These factors are defined as determinants of health, all of which have varying degrees of impact on QoL as a result of personal standards, morals, and experiences in addition to ageing [4]. Public Health 2020, 17, 3897; doi:10.3390/ijerph17113897 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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