Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, considered the rheumatic condition with the greatest consequences in terms of socioeconomic impacts, especially knee osteoarthritis since it makes walking difficult. To date, there is no cure for OA, so available treatments aim to reduce symptoms such as pain and inflammation, maintain joint mobility, and limit the loss of function. As OA has a known inflammatory component, it is believed that nutrition can play a vital role in the prevention and ongoing management of OA. This article aims to analyze the available evidence in the prevention and treatment of knee OA with a dietary intervention that may play a potential role in the management of the disease. To carry out this literature review, articles were searched in the Scielo, Pubmed, and Bireme databases with the time frame of the last 10 years. The results showed that some nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants are widely discussed in the literature in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Management of free radicals is necessary and the influence of nutrients and diet on cartilage and OA metabolism may represent a long-term adjuvant alternative in the treatment of patients with knee OA. Effects of dietary modifications on lipid and cholesterol profiles, adequate vitamin levels, and weight reduction in obese patients may influence the course of the disease.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, considered the rheumatic condition with the greatest consequences in terms of socioeconomic impacts, especially knee osteoarthritis since it makes walking difficult
The results showed that some nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants are widely discussed in the literature in the treatment and prevention of the disease
The selected articles used as inclusion criteria the timeline of the last 10 years, covering the period from 2009 to 2021, which dealt with osteoarthritis, knee osteoarthritis, and the nutritional action in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, considered the rheumatic condition with the greatest consequences in terms of socioeconomic impacts, especially knee osteoarthritis since it makes walking difficult. The incidence of the disease increases with age, evolving over decades until the loss of joint function is reached. Elderly patients have several comorbid conditions that increase the complexity of treatment [1,2]. There is no cure for OA, so available treatments aim to reduce symptoms such as pain and inflammation, maintain joint mobility, and limit the loss of function. Several international guidelines have been published with recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis, in all guidelines, the recommendation presents non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmacological interventions include weight reduction, adequate physical activity, physical therapy, muscle strengthening, mobility aids, knee pads, shoes and insoles, electrical stimulation, and acupuncture, in addition to pharmacological treatments [3]
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