Abstract
During the gestational period, women need to have optimal health to meet fetal requirements for growth and development. Nutrition is one of the most important factors that can ensure a mother`s health and also that of their offspring. The role of maternal diet, before and during pregnancy, has been associated with adverse birth outcomes and a worsening of maternal health. Medical conditions that are closely related to dietary intake and may affect women before or during pregnancy have also been associated with the appearance of pathology in a newborn. To date, several studies have been carried out in order to identify the role of diet as a factor associated with child physiological and psychological health, both in the short and long term. Educating mothers regarding the influence of maternal dietary intake during pregnancy on infants’ health could represent a simple but effective target for public health policies to improve pregnancy nutrition, and therefore help to avoid newborn diseases through the development.
Highlights
A correct diet is essential in order to maintain an adequate nutritional status at all stages of life
We assess the influence of a mother s maternal diet and nutritional status, before and during pregnancy, on the appearance of several conditions in their fetus, newborn, and child
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines nutritional status as the interpretation of information obtained from biochemical, anthropometric, and/or clinical studies used to determine the nutritional status of individuals or populations
Summary
A correct diet is essential in order to maintain an adequate nutritional status at all stages of life. Health strategies and policies must implement measures to encourage women to have adequate follow-up after a pregnancy, to ensure good progress of a pregnancy, and to be able to detect any alteration to the normal course of early pregnancy, in order to establish appropriate socio-sanitary measures to minimize any impact on the health of a mother and fetus This could reduce healthcare costs derived from maternal and child comorbidities and increase the quality of life for a pregnant woman. This guideline addresses various recommendations to be taken into account which include the following: nutritional interventions (food interventions, supplementation with micronutrients and vitamins); maternal evaluation (maternal anemia, asymptomatic bacteriuria, etc.); fetal evaluation (daily estimation of fetal movement, measurement of uterine height, etc.); precaution measures; and some interventions for common physiological symptoms such as leg cramps, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, low back pain, pelvic pain, constipation, varicose veins, and edema These guidelines contain information on specific interventions in health systems to improve the use and quality of prenatal care (perinatal card, midwifery continuity of care, etc.) [13]
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